Section A: Banked Cloze
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
狗的智力研究：我们是否夸大了它们的聪明？
Scientists recently examined studies on dog intelligence and compared them with research into the minds of other intelligent animals. The researchers found that dogs are among the more intelligent carnivores (食肉动物), social hunters and domestic animals, but that their intelligence does not (26) ______ other intelligent animals in any of those categories. Though a significant body of research has examined dog cognition (27) ______ , the authors of this new study found little to warrant the (28) ______ of work that has been devoted to the topic.
Stephen Lea, lead author of the new study, argues that many researchers seem to have designed their studies to (29) ______ how clever dogs are, rather than simply to study dogs' brains. Lea and a colleague examined more than 300 studies of dog cognition, comparing the studies' results with those from research into other animals. The researchers made specific comparisons between the different species in different categories of intelligence. These comparisons (30) ______ that dogs are intelligent, but their intelligence is not as (31) ______ as some researchers might have believed.
In many areas, though, comparisons were not possible. For example, the researchers noted that both dogs and cats are known to be able to recognize and (32) ______ human voices. But the investigators could not find any data to indicate which species can remember a greater number of (33) ______ human voices, so it was impossible to compare the two on that front. However, not all researchers agree (34) ______ with the findings of this study. Zachary Silver, an American researcher, believes the authors of the new study (35) ______ the idea that an excessive amount of research has been devoted to dogs, as the field of dog cognition is young, and there is much to be learned about how dogs think.
Answers & Explanations
26. N (surpass)。解析：空格前面是助动词
does not，后面接宾语 other intelligent animals，因此需要填入动词原形。句意为狗的智力并没有“超过”任何这些类别中的其他智能动物，选项中表示超过且为原形的只有 surpass。27. K (previously)。解析：空格位于句末，所在分句的谓语是现在完成时
has examined，因此需要一个副词作时间状语。句意为尽管“之前”有大量的研究考察了狗的认知，因此填入 previously。28. O (volume)。解析：空格前是定冠词
the，后面接 of work，需要填入名词。句意为新研究的作者发现没有多少证据能证明投入到该主题上的如此“大量”的工作是正当的。固定搭配 the volume of... 表示“...的数量/大量”，因此填入 volume。29. M (prove)。解析：空格前面是不定式符号
to，后面接宾语从句 how clever dogs are，需要填入动词原形。句意为许多研究者似乎在设计研究时是为了“证明”狗有多聪明，因此填入 prove。30. A (affirmed)。解析：空格所在句子的主语是
These comparisons，后面跟 that 引导的宾语从句，且根据上下文时态应使用过去式。句意为这些比较“证实了”狗是聪明的，因此填入 affirmed。31. G (formidable)。解析：空格位于
as...as 结构中，且在系动词 is not 之后，需要填入形容词原级作表语。句意为它们的智力并不像一些研究人员可能认为的那样“强大/令人敬畏”，因此填入 formidable。32. D (differentiate)。解析：空格由
and 连接，与前面的动词原形 recognize 并列，共同作为 be able to 的宾语，因此需要动词原形。句意为狗和猫都能认出并“区分”人的声音，因此填入 differentiate。33. E (distinct)。解析：空格位于介词
of 之后，名词 human voices 之前，需要填入形容词作定语。句意为无法找到数据表明哪种动物能记住更多数量的“不同的/独立的”人类声音，因此填入 distinct。34. C (completely)。解析：空格位于动词
agree 和介词 with 之间，需要填入副词修饰动词 agree。句意为并非所有研究人员都“完全”同意这项研究的发现，因此填入 completely。35. I (overstated)。解析：空格所在从句的主语是
the authors of the new study，宾语是 the idea that...，需要填入谓语动词的过去式。句意为另一位研究者认为新研究的作者“夸大了”投入到狗身上研究过多的观点，因此填入 overstated。核心搭配与高分句型
【核心搭配与高频短语】
a significant body of：大量的（a significant body of research）
devote to：致力于，投入到（work that has been devoted to the topic）
rather than：而不是（rather than simply to study dogs' brains）
be able to：能够（known to be able to recognize）
on that front：在那一方面（impossible to compare the two on that front）
【亮点句型解析】
不定式完成时的使用：
"many researchers seem to have designed their studies to prove how clever dogs are..."
（许多研究人员似乎已经设计了他们的研究来证明狗有多聪明...）
"many researchers seem to have designed their studies to prove how clever dogs are..."
（许多研究人员似乎已经设计了他们的研究来证明狗有多聪明...）
seem to have done 结构表示该动作（design）发生在谓语动词（seem）之前，准确传达了对过去已发生事实的推测。 There is 句型与被动语态不定式的结合：
"...as the field of dog cognition is young, and there is much to be learned about how dogs think."
（因为狗的认知领域还很年轻，而且关于狗是如何思考的，还有很多东西需要学习。）
"...as the field of dog cognition is young, and there is much to be learned about how dogs think."
（因为狗的认知领域还很年轻，而且关于狗是如何思考的，还有很多东西需要学习。）
there is much to be learned 结构高级且地道，用被动不定式作定语修饰 much，表达出科学探索的无止境。