Section B: Information Matching
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Treasure Fever
[A] Most visitors come to Cape Canaveral, on the northeast coast of Florida, for the tourist attractions. It’s home to the second-busiest cruise ship port in the world and is a gateway to the cosmos. Nearly 1.5 million visitors flock here every year to watch rockets, spacecraft, and satellites blast off into the solar system from Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. Nearly 64 kilometers of undeveloped beach and 648 square kilometers of protected refuge fan out from the cape’s sandy shores.
[B] Yet some of Cape Canaveral’s most legendary attractions lie unseen, wedged under the sea’s surface in mud and sand, for this part of the world has a reputation as a deadly ship trap. Over the centuries, dozens of majestic Old World sailing ships smashed and sank on this irregular stretch of windy Florida coast. They were vessels built for war and commerce, crossing the globe carrying everything from coins to cannons, boxes of silver and gold, chests of jewels and porcelain, and pearls from the Caribbean.
[C] Cape Canaveral contains one of the greatest concentrations of colonial shipwrecks in the world. In recent years, advances in radar, diving, detection equipment, computers, and GPS have transformed the hunt. The naked eye might see a pile of rocks, but technology can reveal the precious artifacts that lie hidden on the ocean floor.
[D] As technology renders the seabed more accessible, the hunt for treasure-filled ships has drawn a fresh tide of salvors and their investors—as well as marine archaeologists wanting to bring to light the lost relics. But of late, when salvors have found vessels, their rights have been challenged in court. The big question: who should have control of these treasures?
[E] High-stakes fights over shipwrecks pit archaeologists against treasure hunters in a vicious cycle of accusations. Archaeologists regard themselves as protectors of history, and they see salvors as careless destroyers. Salvors feel they do the hard work of searching for ships, only to have them stolen from under them when discovered. This kind of clash inevitably takes place on a grand scale. Aside from the salvors, their investors, and the maritime archaeologists who serve as expert witnesses, the battles sweep in local and international governments and organizations like UNESCO that work to protect under-water heritage. The court cases that ensure stretch on for years. Are finders keepers, or do the ships belong to the countries that made them and sent them sailing centuries ago? Where once salvors and archaeologists worked side by side, now they belong to opposing, and equally contemptuous, tribes.
[F] Nearly three million vessels lie wrecked on the Earth’s ocean floor—from old canoes to the Titanic—and likely less than one percent have been explored. Some—like an ancient Roman ship found off Antikythera, Greece, dated between 70 and 60 BC and carrying astonishingly sophisticated gears and dials for navigating by the sun—are critical to a new understanding of our past. No wonder there is an eternal stirring among everybody from salvors to scholars to find them.
[G] In May 2016, a salvor named Bobby Pritchett, president of Global Marine Exploration (GME) in Tampa, Florida, announced that he had discovered scattered remains of a ship buried a kilometer off Cape Canaveral. Over the prior three years, he and his crew had obtained 14 state permits to survey a nearly 260-square-kilometer area off the cape; they worked 250 days a year, backed by investor funds of, he claims, US $4 million. It was hard work. Crew members were up at dawn, dragging sensors from their expedition vessels back and forth, day in and day out, year after year, to detect metal of any kind. Using computer technology, Pritchett and his crew created intricate, color-coded maps marked with the GPS coordinates of thousands of finds, all invisible under a meter of sand.
[H] One day in 2015, the magnetometer picked up metal that turned out to be an iron cannon; when the divers blew the sand away, they also discovered a more precious bronze cannon with markings indicating French royalty and, not far off, a famous marble column carved with the coat of arms of France, known from historical paintings. The discovery was cause for celebration. The artifacts indicated the divers had likely found the wreck of La Trinite, a 16th-century French vessel that had been at the center of a bloody battle between France and Spain that changed the fate of the United States of America.
[I] And then the legal storm began, with GME and Pritchett pitted against Florida and France. The Sunken Military Craft Act of 2004, a US federal act, protects any vessel that was on a military mission, allowing the originating country to claim their ship even centuries later. In 2018, two long years after Pritchett’s discovery, the federal district court ruled in favor of France. For Pritchett, the decision was devastating. Millions of dollars of investor funding and years of labor were lost.
[J] But this is far from the first time a salvor has lost all rights to a discovery. In 2012, for instance, Spain won a five-year legal battle against Odyssey Marine Exploration, which had hauled 594,000 gold and silver coins from a Spanish wreck off the coast of Portugal across the Atlantic to the United States. “Treasure hunters can be naive,” says attorney David Concannon, who has had several maritime archaeologists as clients and represented two sides in the battles over the Titanic for 20 years. “Many treasure hunters don’t understand they are going to have to fight for their rights against a government that has an endless supply of money for legal battles that treasure hunters are likely to lose”
[K] Putting an inflated price on artifacts rather than viewing them as cultural and historical treasures that transcend any price is what irritates many archaeologists. For the archaeologist, everything in a wreck matters—hair, fabric, a fragment of a newspaper, rat bones—all things speak volumes. Archaeologists don’t want artifacts ending up in a private collection instead of taking humanity on a journey of understanding.
[L] George Bass is one of the pioneers of under-water archaeology, and a researcher at Texas A&M University. He has testified in court against treasure hunters, but says archaeology is not without its own serious problems. He believes archaeologists need to do a better job themselves instead of routinely criticizing treasure hunters. “Archaeology has a terrible reputation for not publishing enough on its excavations and finds,” he says. Gathering data, unearthing and meticulously preserving and examining finds, verifying identity and origin, piecing together the larger story, and writing and publishing a comprehensive paper or book can take decades. A bit cynically, Bass describes colleagues who never published because they waited so long they became ill or died. Who is more at fault, Bass asks, the professional archaeologist who carefully excavates a site and never publishes on it or the treasure hunter who locates a submerged wreck, salvages part, conserves part, and publishes a book on the operation?
[M] Pritchett concedes that his find deserves careful excavation and preservation. “I think what I found should go in a museum,” he says. “But I also think I should get paid for what I found.” Indeed, it’s a bit of a mystery why governments, archaeologists, and treasure hunters can’t work together—and why salvors aren’t at least given a substantial finder’s fee before the original owner takes possession of the vessel and its artifacts.
36. Exploration of shipwrecks on the sea floor is crucial in updating our understanding of humanity’s past.
37. Quite a number of majestic ships sailing from Europe to America were wrecked off the Florida coast over the centuries.
38. Pritchett suffered a heavy loss when a US district court ruled against him.
39. Recently, people who found treasures in shipwrecks have been sued over their rights to own them.
40. Pritchett claims he got support of millions of dollars from investors for his shipwreck exploration.
41. One pioneer marine scientist thinks archaeologists should make greater efforts to publish their findings.
42. With technological advancement in recent years, salvors now can detect the invaluable man-made objects lying buried under the sea.
43. According to a lawyer, many treasure hunters are susceptible to loss because they are unaware they face a financially stronger opponent in court.
44. Salvors of treasures in sunken ships and marine archaeologists are now hostile to each other.
45. Archaeologists want to see artifacts help humans understand their past instead of being sold to private collectors at an outrageous price.
全文翻译
大多数游客来到佛罗里达州东北海岸的卡纳维拉尔角是为了旅游景点。这里是世界上第二繁忙的邮轮港口所在地，也是通往宇宙的门户。每年有近150万游客涌入这里，观看火箭、航天器和卫星从肯尼迪航天中心游客综合区发射升空进入太阳系。将近64公里未开发的海滩和648平方公里的受保护保护区从海角的沙滩延伸开来。然而，卡纳维拉尔角一些最具传奇色彩的景点是看不见的，它们深埋在海底的泥沙之下，因为这一带素有致命船阱的恶名。几个世纪以来，数十艘雄伟的旧世界帆船在这段变幻莫测、大风肆虐的佛罗里达海岸上撞毁沉没。它们是用于战争和商业的船只，穿越全球运载着从硬币到大炮、成箱的金银、满柜的珠宝瓷器以及来自加勒比海的珍珠等各种物品。卡纳维拉尔角拥有世界上殖民时期沉船最集中的区域之一。近年来，雷达、潜水、探测设备、计算机和全球定位系统（GPS）的进步改变了搜寻方式。肉眼可能看到的只是一堆石头，但技术能够揭示隐藏在海底的珍贵文物。随着技术使海底变得更加可接近，对满载宝藏船只的搜寻吸引了一波新的打捞者及其投资者，以及希望让失落的遗迹重见天日的海洋考古学家。但最近，当打捞者发现船只时，他们的权利在法庭上受到了挑战。最大的问题是：谁应该掌控这些宝藏？围绕沉船的高风险争夺使考古学家与寻宝者陷入一场恶性指责循环。考古学家视自己为历史的守护者，他们将打捞者视作粗心的破坏者。打捞者则觉得自己做了寻找船只的艰苦工作，结果发现后却被人从手中夺走。这类冲突不可避免地以宏大尺度的形式上演。除了打捞者、他们的投资者以及担任专家证人的海洋考古学家之外，这场争夺还卷入了地方和国际政府，以及像联合国教科文组织这样致力于保护水下遗产的组织。由此引发的法庭案件会拖上好几年。是先到先得，还是这些船属于几个世纪前建造它们并让它们出航的国家？曾经打捞者和考古学家并肩工作，如今他们却属于互相对立、同样互相鄙视的两个阵营。将近三百万艘船只沉在地球的海底——从古老的独木舟到泰坦尼克号——其中可能只有不到百分之一被探查过。有些——比如在希腊安提基瑟拉岛附近发现的一艘古罗马沉船，年代在公元前70年至公元前60年之间，船上载有用于借助太阳导航的惊人复杂的齿轮和刻度盘——对我们重新理解历史至关重要。难怪从打捞者到学者，每个人都对发现它们怀有一种永恒的骚动。2016年5月，一位名叫博比·普里切特的打捞者，佛罗里达州坦帕市全球海洋勘探公司的总裁，宣布他在距卡纳维拉尔角一公里处的海底发现了散落的沉船残骸。在此之前的三年里，他和他的团队获得了14张州许可，在海角外近260平方公里的区域内进行调查；他们一年工作250天，据他声称，得到了400万美元的投资资金支持。工作极其艰苦。船员们天刚亮就起床，从他们的探测船上拖着传感器来来回回，日复一日，年复一年，以探测任何种类的金属。利用计算机技术，普里切特和他的团队绘制了精细的、用颜色编码的地图，上面标出了数千个发现的GPS坐标，所有这些发现都隐藏在1米深的沙层之下。2015年的一天，磁力计探测到了金属，结果是一尊铁炮；当潜水员吹开沙子时，他们还发现了一尊更为珍贵的青铜炮，上面标有法国王室的标记，不远处还有一根著名的大理石立柱，上面刻有法国国徽，可以从历史画作中得以辨认。这一发现值得庆祝。这些文物表明，潜水员很可能发现了16世纪法国船只"三位一体号"的残骸，这艘船曾处于一场改变了美利坚合众国命运的法国与西班牙血腥战役的中心。然后法律风暴开始了，GME和普里切特面临佛罗里达州和法国的对抗。2004年的《沉没军用船艇法案》是一项美国联邦法案，它保护任何执行军事任务的船只，允许原属国甚至在几个世纪后仍可认领其船只。2018年，在普里切特发现沉船整整两年之后，联邦地区法院做出了有利于法国的裁决。对普里切特来说，这一决定是毁灭性的。数百万美元的投资资金和多年的劳动付诸东流。但这远非打捞者第一次完全失去对发现物的所有权利。例如，2012年，西班牙赢得了一场针对奥德赛海洋勘探公司长达五年的法律战，该公司曾将594000枚金银币从葡萄牙海岸外的一艘西班牙沉船上穿越大西洋运到了美国。"寻宝者可能太天真了，"律师大卫·康坎农说，他曾有多位海洋考古学家作为客户，并在长达20年的泰坦尼克号法律战中代表过双方。"许多寻宝者不明白他们将不得不与政府争夺他们的权利，而政府拥有源源不断的资金进行法律战，寻宝者很可能会输。"给文物标上虚高的价格，而不是将它们视为超越任何价格的文化和历史宝藏，这是让许多考古学家恼火的地方。对考古学家来说，沉船中的一切都很重要——头发、织物、报纸碎片、老鼠骨头——所有东西都蕴含着丰富的信息。考古学家不希望文物流入私人收藏，而不是带领人类踏上理解之旅。乔治·巴斯是水下考古学的先驱之一，也是德克萨斯农工大学的研究员。他在法庭上作证反对寻宝者，但他说考古学本身也存在严重问题。他认为考古学家需要更好地做好自己的工作，而不是经常性地批评寻宝者。"考古学在对其发掘和发现进行充分发表方面名声很糟，"他说。收集数据、挖掘并精心保存和检查发现物、核实身份和来源、拼凑出更大的故事，以及撰写和出版一篇全面的论文或著作，可能需要几十年的时间。巴斯有点愤世嫉俗地描述了一些同事，他们因为等待太久而生病或死亡，最后从未发表过。巴斯问道，谁更有过错，是那位仔细挖掘遗址却从未发表成果的专业考古学家，还是那位定位到水下沉船、打捞了部分、保护了部分、并出版了一本关于此次行动的书的寻宝者？普里切特承认，他的发现值得仔细的发掘和保护。"我认为我发现的东西应该进博物馆，"他说。"但我也认为我应该为我的发现获得报酬。"确实，为什么政府、考古学家和寻宝者不能合作——为什么在原主取得船只及其文物所有权之前，至少不给予打捞者一笔可观的发现费，这让人有些费解。
Answers & Explanations (答案与解析)
36. F。解析：题干 Exploration of shipwrecks on the sea floor is crucial in updating our understanding of humanity’s past. 对应 [F] 段 Some—like an ancient Roman ship... are critical to a new understanding of our past. crucial 对应 critical，updating our understanding 对应 a new understanding。
37. B。解析：题干 Quite a number of majestic ships sailing from Europe to America were wrecked off the Florida coast over the centuries. 对应 [B] 段 Over the centuries, dozens of majestic Old World sailing ships smashed and sank on this irregular stretch of windy Florida coast. Quite a number of 对应 dozens of，Old World（旧世界，指欧洲）对应 from Europe to America。
38. I。解析：题干 Pritchett suffered a heavy loss when a US district court ruled against him. 对应 [I] 段 ...the federal district court ruled in favor of France. For Pritchett, the decision was devastating. Millions of dollars of investor funding and years of labor were lost. suffered a heavy loss 对应 decision was devastating / were lost。
39. D。解析：题干 Recently, people who found treasures in shipwrecks have been sued over their rights to own them. 对应 [D] 段 But of late, when salvors have found vessels, their rights have been challenged in court. Recently 对应 of late，sued over their rights 对应 rights have been challenged in court。
40. G。解析：题干 Pritchett claims he got support of millions of dollars from investors for his shipwreck exploration. 对应 [G] 段 ...they worked 250 days a year, backed by investor funds of, he claims, US $4 million. got support 对应 backed by，millions of dollars 对应 US $4 million。
41. L。解析：题干 One pioneer marine scientist thinks archaeologists should make greater efforts to publish their findings. 对应 [L] 段 George Bass is one of the pioneers... He believes archaeologists need to do a better job themselves... “Archaeology has a terrible reputation for not publishing enough on its excavations and finds,” pioneer marine scientist 指 George Bass，publish their findings 对应 publishing enough on its excavations and finds。
42. C。解析：题干 With technological advancement in recent years, salvors now can detect the invaluable man-made objects lying buried under the sea. 对应 [C] 段 In recent years, advances in radar... technology can reveal the precious artifacts that lie hidden on the ocean floor. technological advancement 对应 advances in radar... / technology，invaluable man-made objects 对应 precious artifacts。
43. J。解析：题干 According to a lawyer, many treasure hunters are susceptible to loss because they are unaware they face a financially stronger opponent in court. 对应 [J] 段 “...Many treasure hunters don’t understand they are going to have to fight for their rights against a government that has an endless supply of money for legal battles that treasure hunters are likely to lose” says attorney David Concannon... lawyer 对应 attorney，financially stronger opponent 对应 a government that has an endless supply of money。
44. E。解析：题干 Salvors of treasures in sunken ships and marine archaeologists are now hostile to each other. 对应 [E] 段 High-stakes fights over shipwrecks pit archaeologists against treasure hunters in a vicious cycle of accusations... now they belong to opposing, and equally contemptuous, tribes. hostile 对应 opposing, and equally contemptuous。
45. K。解析：题干 Archaeologists want to see artifacts help humans understand their past instead of being sold to private collectors at an outrageous price. 对应 [K] 段 Archaeologists don’t want artifacts ending up in a private collection instead of taking humanity on a journey of understanding. outrageous price 对应 inflated price。
核心搭配与高分句型
【核心搭配与高频短语】
blast off：发射升空（blast off into the solar system）
fan out：呈扇形散开，向四面八方散开（fan out from the cape’s sandy shores）
bring to light：揭露，使...为人所知（wanting to bring to light the lost relics）
pit against：使对抗，使相斗（pit archaeologists against treasure hunters）
day in and day out：日复一日，夜以继日（back and forth, day in and day out）
speak volumes：意义深远，胜过千言万语（all things speak volumes）
【亮点句型解析】
Only to 引导的结果状语表示意外或失望：
"Salvors feel they do the hard work of searching for ships, only to have them stolen from under them when discovered."
（打捞者觉得他们辛辛苦苦搜寻船只，结果却在发现时被别人从眼皮底下偷走。）`only to do` 结构常用于表示出乎意料的、往往是令人失望的结果，生动刻画了打捞者的委屈与愤怒。
"Salvors feel they do the hard work of searching for ships, only to have them stolen from under them when discovered."
（打捞者觉得他们辛辛苦苦搜寻船只，结果却在发现时被别人从眼皮底下偷走。）`only to do` 结构常用于表示出乎意料的、往往是令人失望的结果，生动刻画了打捞者的委屈与愤怒。
Rather than 与 Instead of 的对比运用：
"Putting an inflated price on artifacts rather than viewing them as cultural and historical treasures that transcend any price is what irritates many archaeologists."
（给文物标上虚高的价格，而不是将它们视为超越任何价格的历史文化瑰宝，这正是激怒许多考古学家的原因。）主语是一个动名词短语，内部使用了 `rather than` 进行价值观的强烈对比，句式严密且富有批判色彩。
"Putting an inflated price on artifacts rather than viewing them as cultural and historical treasures that transcend any price is what irritates many archaeologists."
（给文物标上虚高的价格，而不是将它们视为超越任何价格的历史文化瑰宝，这正是激怒许多考古学家的原因。）主语是一个动名词短语，内部使用了 `rather than` 进行价值观的强烈对比，句式严密且富有批判色彩。