Section B: Information Matching
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Treasure Fever
[A] Most visitors come to Cape Canaveral, on the northeast coast of Florida, for the tourist attractions. It’s home to the second-busiest cruise ship port in the world and is a gateway to the cosmos. Nearly 1.5 million visitors flock here every year to watch rockets, spacecraft, and satellites blast off into the solar system from Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. Nearly 64 kilometers of undeveloped beach and 648 square kilometers of protected refuge fan out from the cape’s sandy shores.
[B] Yet some of Cape Canaveral’s most legendary attractions lie unseen, wedged under the sea’s surface in mud and sand, for this part of the world has a reputation as a deadly ship trap. Over the centuries, dozens of majestic Old World sailing ships smashed and sank on this irregular stretch of windy Florida coast. They were vessels built for war and commerce, crossing the globe carrying everything from coins to cannons, boxes of silver and gold, chests of jewels and porcelain, and pearls from the Caribbean.
[C] Cape Canaveral contains one of the greatest concentrations of colonial shipwrecks in the world. In recent years, advances in radar, diving, detection equipment, computers, and GPS have transformed the hunt. The naked eye might see a pile of rocks, but technology can reveal the precious artifacts that lie hidden on the ocean floor.
[D] As technology renders the seabed more accessible, the hunt for treasure-filled ships has drawn a fresh tide of salvors and their investors—as well as marine archaeologists wanting to bring to light the lost relics. But of late, when salvors have found vessels, their rights have been challenged in court. The big question: who should have control of these treasures?
[E] High-stakes fights over shipwrecks pit archaeologists against treasure hunters in a vicious cycle of accusations. Archaeologists regard themselves as protectors of history, and they see salvors as careless destroyers. Salvors feel they do the hard work of searching for ships, only to have them stolen from under them when discovered. This kind of clash inevitably takes place on a grand scale. Aside from the salvors, their investors, and the maritime archaeologists who serve as expert witnesses, the battles sweep in local and international governments and organizations like UNESCO that work to protect under-water heritage. The court cases that ensure stretch on for years. Are finders keepers, or do the ships belong to the countries that made them and sent them sailing centuries ago? Where once salvors and archaeologists worked side by side, now they belong to opposing, and equally contemptuous, tribes.
[F] Nearly three million vessels lie wrecked on the Earth’s ocean floor—from old canoes to the Titanic—and likely less than one percent have been explored. Some—like an ancient Roman ship found off Antikythera, Greece, dated between 70 and 60 BC and carrying astonishingly sophisticated gears and dials for navigating by the sun—are critical to a new understanding of our past. No wonder there is an eternal stirring among everybody from salvors to scholars to find them.
[G] In May 2016, a salvor named Bobby Pritchett, president of Global Marine Exploration (GME) in Tampa, Florida, announced that he had discovered scattered remains of a ship buried a kilometer off Cape Canaveral. Over the prior three years, he and his crew had obtained 14 state permits to survey a nearly 260-square-kilometer area off the cape; they worked 250 days a year, backed by investor funds of, he claims, US $4 million. It was hard work. Crew members were up at dawn, dragging sensors from their expedition vessels back and forth, day in and day out, year after year, to detect metal of any kind. Using computer technology, Pritchett and his crew created intricate, color-coded maps marked with the GPS coordinates of thousands of finds, all invisible under a meter of sand.
[H] One day in 2015, the magnetometer picked up metal that turned out to be an iron cannon; when the divers blew the sand away, they also discovered a more precious bronze cannon with markings indicating French royalty and, not far off, a famous marble column carved with the coat of arms of France, known from historical paintings. The discovery was cause for celebration. The artifacts indicated the divers had likely found the wreck of La Trinite, a 16th-century French vessel that had been at the center of a bloody battle between France and Spain that changed the fate of the United States of America.
[I] And then the legal storm began, with GME and Pritchett pitted against Florida and France. The Sunken Military Craft Act of 2004, a US federal act, protects any vessel that was on a military mission, allowing the originating country to claim their ship even centuries later. In 2018, two long years after Pritchett’s discovery, the federal district court ruled in favor of France. For Pritchett, the decision was devastating. Millions of dollars of investor funding and years of labor were lost.
[J] But this is far from the first time a salvor has lost all rights to a discovery. In 2012, for instance, Spain won a five-year legal battle against Odyssey Marine Exploration, which had hauled 594,000 gold and silver coins from a Spanish wreck off the coast of Portugal across the Atlantic to the United States. “Treasure hunters can be naive,” says attorney David Concannon, who has had several maritime archaeologists as clients and represented two sides in the battles over the Titanic for 20 years. “Many treasure hunters don’t understand they are going to have to fight for their rights against a government that has an endless supply of money for legal battles that treasure hunters are likely to lose”
[K] Putting an inflated price on artifacts rather than viewing them as cultural and historical treasures that transcend any price is what irritates many archaeologists. For the archaeologist, everything in a wreck matters—hair, fabric, a fragment of a newspaper, rat bones—all things speak volumes. Archaeologists don’t want artifacts ending up in a private collection instead of taking humanity on a journey of understanding.
[L] George Bass is one of the pioneers of under-water archaeology, and a researcher at Texas A&M University. He has testified in court against treasure hunters, but says archaeology is not without its own serious problems. He believes archaeologists need to do a better job themselves instead of routinely criticizing treasure hunters. “Archaeology has a terrible reputation for not publishing enough on its excavations and finds,” he says. Gathering data, unearthing and meticulously preserving and examining finds, verifying identity and origin, piecing together the larger story, and writing and publishing a comprehensive paper or book can take decades. A bit cynically, Bass describes colleagues who never published because they waited so long they became ill or died. Who is more at fault, Bass asks, the professional archaeologist who carefully excavates a site and never publishes on it or the treasure hunter who locates a submerged wreck, salvages part, conserves part, and publishes a book on the operation?
[M] Pritchett concedes that his find deserves careful excavation and preservation. “I think what I found should go in a museum,” he says. “But I also think I should get paid for what I found.” Indeed, it’s a bit of a mystery why governments, archaeologists, and treasure hunters can’t work together—and why salvors aren’t at least given a substantial finder’s fee before the original owner takes possession of the vessel and its artifacts.
36. Exploration of shipwrecks on the sea floor is crucial in updating our understanding of humanity’s past.
37. Quite a number of majestic ships sailing from Europe to America were wrecked off the Florida coast over the centuries.
38. Pritchett suffered a heavy loss when a US district court ruled against him.
39. Recently, people who found treasures in shipwrecks have been sued over their rights to own them.
40. Pritchett claims he got support of millions of dollars from investors for his shipwreck exploration.
41. One pioneer marine scientist thinks archaeologists should make greater efforts to publish their findings.
42. With technological advancement in recent years, salvors now can detect the invaluable man-made objects lying buried under the sea.
43. According to a lawyer, many treasure hunters are susceptible to loss because they are unaware they face a financially stronger opponent in court.
44. Salvors of treasures in sunken ships and marine archaeologists are now hostile to each other.
45. Archaeologists want to see artifacts help humans understand their past instead of being sold to private collectors at an outrageous price.
Answers & Explanations (答案与解析)
36. F。解析：题干 Exploration of shipwrecks on the sea floor is crucial in updating our understanding of humanity’s past. 对应 [F] 段 Some—like an ancient Roman ship... are critical to a new understanding of our past. crucial 对应 critical，updating our understanding 对应 a new understanding。
37. B。解析：题干 Quite a number of majestic ships sailing from Europe to America were wrecked off the Florida coast over the centuries. 对应 [B] 段 Over the centuries, dozens of majestic Old World sailing ships smashed and sank on this irregular stretch of windy Florida coast. Quite a number of 对应 dozens of，Old World（旧世界，指欧洲）对应 from Europe to America。
38. I。解析：题干 Pritchett suffered a heavy loss when a US district court ruled against him. 对应 [I] 段 ...the federal district court ruled in favor of France. For Pritchett, the decision was devastating. Millions of dollars of investor funding and years of labor were lost. suffered a heavy loss 对应 decision was devastating / were lost。
39. D。解析：题干 Recently, people who found treasures in shipwrecks have been sued over their rights to own them. 对应 [D] 段 But of late, when salvors have found vessels, their rights have been challenged in court. Recently 对应 of late，sued over their rights 对应 rights have been challenged in court。
40. G。解析：题干 Pritchett claims he got support of millions of dollars from investors for his shipwreck exploration. 对应 [G] 段 ...they worked 250 days a year, backed by investor funds of, he claims, US $4 million. got support 对应 backed by，millions of dollars 对应 US $4 million。
41. L。解析：题干 One pioneer marine scientist thinks archaeologists should make greater efforts to publish their findings. 对应 [L] 段 George Bass is one of the pioneers... He believes archaeologists need to do a better job themselves... “Archaeology has a terrible reputation for not publishing enough on its excavations and finds,” pioneer marine scientist 指 George Bass，publish their findings 对应 publishing enough on its excavations and finds。
42. C。解析：题干 With technological advancement in recent years, salvors now can detect the invaluable man-made objects lying buried under the sea. 对应 [C] 段 In recent years, advances in radar... technology can reveal the precious artifacts that lie hidden on the ocean floor. technological advancement 对应 advances in radar... / technology，invaluable man-made objects 对应 precious artifacts。
43. J。解析：题干 According to a lawyer, many treasure hunters are susceptible to loss because they are unaware they face a financially stronger opponent in court. 对应 [J] 段 “...Many treasure hunters don’t understand they are going to have to fight for their rights against a government that has an endless supply of money for legal battles that treasure hunters are likely to lose” says attorney David Concannon... lawyer 对应 attorney，financially stronger opponent 对应 a government that has an endless supply of money。
44. E。解析：题干 Salvors of treasures in sunken ships and marine archaeologists are now hostile to each other. 对应 [E] 段 High-stakes fights over shipwrecks pit archaeologists against treasure hunters in a vicious cycle of accusations... now they belong to opposing, and equally contemptuous, tribes. hostile 对应 opposing, and equally contemptuous。
45. K。解析：题干 Archaeologists want to see artifacts help humans understand their past instead of being sold to private collectors at an outrageous price. 对应 [K] 段 Archaeologists don’t want artifacts ending up in a private collection instead of taking humanity on a journey of understanding. outrageous price 对应 inflated price。
核心搭配与高分句型
【核心搭配与高频短语】
blast off：发射升空（blast off into the solar system）
fan out：呈扇形散开，向四面八方散开（fan out from the cape’s sandy shores）
bring to light：揭露，使...为人所知（wanting to bring to light the lost relics）
pit against：使对抗，使相斗（pit archaeologists against treasure hunters）
day in and day out：日复一日，夜以继日（back and forth, day in and day out）
speak volumes：意义深远，胜过千言万语（all things speak volumes）
【亮点句型解析】
Only to 引导的结果状语表示意外或失望：
"Salvors feel they do the hard work of searching for ships, only to have them stolen from under them when discovered."
（打捞者觉得他们辛辛苦苦搜寻船只，结果却在发现时被别人从眼皮底下偷走。）`only to do` 结构常用于表示出乎意料的、往往是令人失望的结果，生动刻画了打捞者的委屈与愤怒。
"Salvors feel they do the hard work of searching for ships, only to have them stolen from under them when discovered."
（打捞者觉得他们辛辛苦苦搜寻船只，结果却在发现时被别人从眼皮底下偷走。）`only to do` 结构常用于表示出乎意料的、往往是令人失望的结果，生动刻画了打捞者的委屈与愤怒。
Rather than 与 Instead of 的对比运用：
"Putting an inflated price on artifacts rather than viewing them as cultural and historical treasures that transcend any price is what irritates many archaeologists."
（给文物标上虚高的价格，而不是将它们视为超越任何价格的历史文化瑰宝，这正是激怒许多考古学家的原因。）主语是一个动名词短语，内部使用了 `rather than` 进行价值观的强烈对比，句式严密且富有批判色彩。
"Putting an inflated price on artifacts rather than viewing them as cultural and historical treasures that transcend any price is what irritates many archaeologists."
（给文物标上虚高的价格，而不是将它们视为超越任何价格的历史文化瑰宝，这正是激怒许多考古学家的原因。）主语是一个动名词短语，内部使用了 `rather than` 进行价值观的强烈对比，句式严密且富有批判色彩。