Section A: Banked Cloze
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Imagine sitting down to a big dinner: a massive steak, a large portion of fried potatoes, and cake for dessert. After eating so much, you should be too full to eat another bite. But some people experience a powerful urge to keep eating, even after (26) ______ in a huge meal, a behavior that makes little sense, as most adults are well-versed in the dangers of obesity, which researchers have shown correlates with (27) ______ health issues and is even linked to increased (28) ______ risk. But some people still keep eating long after they should stop, a phenomenon Dr. Susan Thompson calls “insatiable hunger.” It is characterized by two main (29) ______ : not being satisfied by eating, and having a desire to stay sedentary.
This is at (30) ______ with how humans are biologically programmed. When there was a great deal of food available, ancient people would gorge on calories; this massive calorie intake was accompanied by an urge to get active. Humans were also programmed for something called “compensation,” which is the brain’s (31) ______ mechanism for preventing the accumulation of excess weight. With compensation, if you eat one large meal in the morning, you are naturally (32) ______ to eat less for the rest of the day.
But recent studies show that 70% of American adults have lost the ability to naturally compensate for the calories they consume; worse (33) ______ , a significant number of them report (34) ______ hunger halfway through an eating session, but, by the end of the meal, they feel the same or higher levels of hunger than when they sat down. Dr. Thompson argues that the main cause of this phenomenon is the modern diet, which is (35) ______ of food high in sugar, carbohydrates and calories.
Answers & Explanations (答案与解析)
Section A: Banked Cloze
26. H (indulging)。解析：空格位于介词
after 之后，需要动名词作宾语。固定搭配 indulge in 意为“沉溺于，纵情于”。句意为即使在“纵情于”一顿大餐之后，仍然渴望进食，填入 indulging。27. I (innumerable)。解析：空格位于介词
with 和名词短语 health issues 之间，需要形容词修饰名词。句意为肥胖与“无数的”健康问题相关，填入 innumerable。28. J (mortality)。解析：空格修饰名词
risk，并受 increased 修饰。肥胖不仅导致健康问题，还会导致更严重的后果。mortality risk 为固定医学词汇搭配，意为“死亡风险”，填入 mortality。29. A (attributes)。解析：空格在
two main 之后，且冒号后解释了这两种情况（不满足和久坐），需要复数名词。句意为这种现象的特点是两个主要“特征”，填入 attributes。30. K (odds)。解析：空格位于介词
at 和 with 之间，构成固定短语。at odds with 意为“与...不一致/相矛盾”。句意为这与人类的生物学设定是“相矛盾”的，填入 odds。31. M (regulatory)。解析：空格在
the brain's 和 mechanism 之间，需要形容词作定语。后文提到“preventing the accumulation of excess weight（防止过多体重的积累）”，说明这是一种“调节”机制，填入 regulatory。32. G (inclined)。解析：空格前是系动词
are，后接动词不定式 to eat，需要构成 be inclined to do 短语，意为“倾向于做某事”。句意为如果你早晨吃得多，你自然“倾向于”在接下来的一天里少吃，填入 inclined。33. N (still)。解析：空格位于比较级形容词
worse 之后。worse still 为常见短语，意为“更糟糕的是”，用于引出更负面的情况，填入 still。34. E (diminishing)。解析：空格在名词
hunger 之前，起修饰作用，同时需要与后文的“feel the same or higher levels of hunger”形成转折对比。句意为他们在进食中途报告饥饿感“减弱”，但吃完后饥饿感却又相同或更高了。因此填入表示“减弱的”的现在分词 diminishing。35. B (comprised)。解析：空格在系动词
is 之后，与 of 连用。固定搭配 be comprised of 意为“由...组成”。句意为现代饮食主要“由”高糖、高碳水化合物和高热量的食物“组成”，填入 comprised。核心搭配与高分句型
【核心搭配与高频短语】
indulge in：沉溺于，纵情享受（after indulging in a huge meal）
well-versed in：精通，熟知（most adults are well-versed in the dangers of obesity）
at odds with：与...不和，与...矛盾（This is at odds with how humans are biologically programmed.）
be inclined to：倾向于做某事（you are naturally inclined to eat less）
be comprised of：由...组成，包含（which is comprised of food high in sugar）
worse still：更糟糕的是（worse still, a significant number of them report...）
【亮点句型解析】
非限制性定语从句与被动语态结合：
"...a behavior that makes little sense, as most adults are well-versed in the dangers of obesity, which researchers have shown correlates with innumerable health issues and is even linked to increased mortality risk."
（这是一种毫无道理的行为，因为大多数成年人都熟知肥胖的危险，研究人员已经表明肥胖与无数的健康问题相关，甚至与增加的死亡风险有关联。）该句层层嵌套，`which` 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 obesity，并在从句中并列了两个谓语动词 `correlates` 和 `is linked to`，使得信息表达极为紧凑和丰富。
"...a behavior that makes little sense, as most adults are well-versed in the dangers of obesity, which researchers have shown correlates with innumerable health issues and is even linked to increased mortality risk."
（这是一种毫无道理的行为，因为大多数成年人都熟知肥胖的危险，研究人员已经表明肥胖与无数的健康问题相关，甚至与增加的死亡风险有关联。）该句层层嵌套，`which` 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 obesity，并在从句中并列了两个谓语动词 `correlates` 和 `is linked to`，使得信息表达极为紧凑和丰富。
At odds with 引导的表语结构与名词性从句结合：
"This is at odds with how humans are biologically programmed."
（这与人类生物学上的设定是相矛盾的。）`at odds with` 作表语，介词 `with` 后接由 `how` 引导的宾语从句，表达了现代人类行为（暴饮暴食）与进化生物学机制之间的冲突。
"This is at odds with how humans are biologically programmed."
（这与人类生物学上的设定是相矛盾的。）`at odds with` 作表语，介词 `with` 后接由 `how` 引导的宾语从句，表达了现代人类行为（暴饮暴食）与进化生物学机制之间的冲突。
全文翻译
想象一下坐下来吃一顿大餐：一块巨大的牛排，一大份炸薯条，还有蛋糕当甜点。吃了这么多之后，你应该饱得再也吃不下一口了。但有些人在大口吃完一顿大餐后仍有强烈的继续进食的冲动，这种行为毫无道理，因为大多数成年人都深知肥胖的危害，研究人员已经证明肥胖与众多健康问题相关，甚至与增加的死亡风险有关。但有些人仍然在早该停止的时候继续进食，Susan Thompson博士将这种现象称为"难以满足的饥饿"。它有两个主要特征：吃饱后仍不满足，以及有久坐不动的欲望。
这与人类生物程序设定相悖。当有大量食物可用时，古人会大量摄入热量；这种大量的热量摄入伴随着想要活动的冲动。人类还被设定了一种叫做"补偿"的机制，这是大脑阻止多余体重积累的自然机制。有了补偿，如果你早上吃了一顿大餐，你自然会倾向于在那天剩下的时间里少吃。
但最近的研究表明，70%的美国成年人已经失去了自然补偿所摄入热量的能力；更糟糕的是，其中相当多的人报告说在进食过程中途感到饥饿，但到用餐结束时，他们感觉到的饥饿程度与坐下时相同或更高。Thompson博士认为，这种现象的主要原因是现代饮食，它由富含糖、碳水化合物和热量的食物组成。