Section A: Banked Cloze
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
When people set out to improve their health, they usually take a familiar path: starting a healthy diet, getting better sleep, and doing regular exercise. Each of these behaviors is important, of course, but they all (26) ______ on physical health—and a growing body of research suggests that social health is just as, if not more, important to (27) ______ well-being.
One recent study published in the journal PLOS ONE, for example, found that the strength of a person's social circle was a better (28) ______ of self-reported stress, happiness and well-being levels than fitness tracker data on physical activity, heart rate and sleep. That finding suggests that the “(29) ______ self” represented by endless amounts of health data doesn't tell the whole (30) ______.
There's also a qualified self, which is who I am, what are my activities, my social network, and all of these aspects are not (31) ______ in any of these measurements.
This idea is supported by plenty of (32) ______ research. Studies have shown that social support—whether it comes from friends, family members or a spouse—is (33) ______ associated with better mental and physical health. A rich social life, these studies suggest, can lower stress levels, improve mood, encourage positive health behaviors and discourage damaging ones, boost heart health and improve illness (34) ______ rates.
Social isolation, meanwhile, is linked to higher rates of physical diseases and mental health conditions. It's a significant problem, (35) ______ since loneliness is emerging as a widespread public health problem in many countries.
Word Bank
Answers & Explanations
26. D (focus)。解析：位于代词 all 和介词 on 之间，且主语为 they (复数)，需要填入动词原形。固定搭配 `focus on` 意为“聚焦于/集中于 (focus)”，指这些行为都聚焦于物理健康。
27. F (overall)。解析：位于介词 to 和名词 well-being 之间，需要填入形容词。社交健康对“全面的/整体的 (overall)”福祉同样重要。
28. E (indicator)。解析：位于不定冠词 a 和形容词 better 之后，介词 of 之前，需要填入单数名词。研究发现社交圈的强度是压力、幸福感等的一个更好的“指标/标志 (indicator)”。
29. K (quantified)。解析：修饰名词 self（自我），需要填入形容词或过去分词。由海量健康数据所代表的“被量化的 (quantified)”自我。
30. N (story)。解析：固定搭配 `tell the whole story` 意为“说明全部情况/告知全貌 (story)”。海量数据并不能说明全部情况。
31. M (reflected)。解析：位于系动词 are not 和介词 in 之间，需要填入过去分词构成被动语态。以上所有这些社交方面都没有在任何这些测量中被“反映 (reflected)”出来。
32. H (prior)。解析：位于介词 of 和名词 research 之间，需要填入形容词。这个观点得到了大量“先前的/以往的 (prior)”研究的支持。
33. O (strongly)。解析：位于系动词 is 和过去分词 associated 之间，需要填入副词。固定搭配 `be strongly associated with` 意为与...有“强烈的 (strongly)”关联。
34. L (recovery)。解析：位于名词 illness 和 rates 之间，构成复合名词。丰富的社交生活可以提高疾病的“恢复/康复 (recovery)”率 (recovery rates)。
35. C (especially)。解析：位于逗号和连词 since（因为）之间，需要填入副词起强调作用。这是一个严重的问题，“特别是/尤其是 (especially)”因为孤独感正作为一种广泛的公共卫生问题出现。
全文翻译
当人们开始改善健康时，通常会走一条熟悉的路径：开始健康饮食、获得更好的睡眠、进行定期锻炼。当然，每一种行为都很重要，但它们都侧重于身体健康——而越来越多的研究表明，社交健康对整体福祉同样重要，甚至更为重要。例如，最近发表在《PLOS ONE》期刊上的一项研究发现，一个人的社交圈强度比健身追踪器记录的体力活动、心率和睡眠数据更能预测自我报告的压力、幸福感和健康水平。这一发现表明，由海量健康数据代表的"量化自我"并不能说明全部情况。还有一个"有质量的自我"，即我是谁、我的活动是什么、我的社交网络，所有这些方面都没有在任何这些测量中被捕捉到。这一观点得到了大量现有研究的支持。研究表明，社会支持——无论是来自朋友、家人还是配偶——与更好的心理和身体健康密切相关。这些研究表明，丰富的社交生活可以降低压力水平、改善情绪、鼓励积极的健康行为并阻止有害的行为、促进心脏健康和提高疾病恢复率。与此同时，社交孤立与更高的身体疾病和心理健康问题发生率相关。这是一个重大问题，尤其是因为孤独正在许多国家成为一种普遍存在的公共卫生问题。核心搭配与高分句型
【核心搭配与高频短语】
- set out to do：着手做，开始做（set out to improve their health）
- focus on：聚焦于，集中于（focus on physical health）
- a body of research：大量/一系列的研究（a growing body of research suggests）
- overall well-being：整体福祉，全面健康
- tell the whole story：说明全部情况，告知全貌
- be associated with：与...有关联（is strongly associated with better mental health）
- be linked to：与...有关联，导致（Social isolation is linked to higher rates）
- emerge as：作为...出现，显露为（loneliness is emerging as a widespread problem）
【亮点句型解析】
- Just as, if not more + adj. (同级比较与递进的复合结构)：
"...social health is just as, if not more, important to overall well-being."
（...社交健康对整体福祉来说，如果不说是更重要的话，至少是同样重要的。）在 `just as important` 中间插入 `if not more`（如果不更多的话），这是一种非常地道且极具逻辑张力的表达，既肯定了对等关系，又暗示了递进的可能性，是四六级高级写作的金句。 - Whether 引导的让步状语从句 (插入语形式)：
"Studies have shown that social support—whether it comes from friends, family members or a spouse—is strongly associated with..."
（研究表明，社会支持——无论它来自朋友、家庭成员还是配偶——都与...有强烈关联。）将 `whether... or...` 从句作为破折号之间的插入语，不仅补充了细节（社会支持的来源），还使主句的核心结构（social support is associated with）更加突出，句式错落有致。