Section A: Banked Cloze
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Exercising for just 10 minutes a week is linked to a longer life, according to a new study published in The British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Several recent studies have found that even low-intensity exercise, done for a short amount of time, can have a meaningful (26) ______ on health. Still, the idea that exercising for just 10 minutes a week may be enough to increase your lifespan is novel. It’s also somewhat (27) ______, since the federal physical activity guidelines recommend getting at least 75 minutes of vigorous exercise or 150 minutes of (28) ______ exercise each week.
The study was based on data from more than 88,000 U.S. adults who (29) ______ in the National Health Interview Survey between 1997 and 2008.
Contrary to some research that has found an (30) ______ limit to the amount of exercise that is healthy, the researchers found that there was (31) ______ no limit to the longevity benefits of exercise. Even the small group of people who got 10 times the amount of exercise recommended by the federal government had a 46% lower (32) ______ of death than the least active group.
Still, observational studies like this one cannot prove cause and effect; they can only find (33) ______. The researchers also were not able to (34) ______ for certain lifestyle factors that could affect lifespan, including dietary habits and changes in physical activity over time. Despite these (35) ______, the study’s results are yet another indication of the power of physical activity, even in small amounts.
Word Bank
Answers & Explanations
26. F (impact)。解析：位于形容词 meaningful 之后，介词 on 之前，需要填入名词。固定搭配 `have an impact on` 意为“对...产生影响 (impact)”。
27. D (controversial)。解析：位于系动词 It's (It is) 和副词 somewhat 之后，且由 since（因为）引导的原因状语从句解释了原因（官方建议150分钟，而研究说10分钟就够），说明这个观点是“有争议的 (controversial)”。
28. H (moderate)。解析：位于介词 of 和名词 exercise 之间，与前面的 vigorous（剧烈的）形成对比，需要填入形容词。意为 150 分钟的“适度的/中等强度的 (moderate)”运动。
29. I (participated)。解析：位于 who 引导的定语从句中，作谓语动词，且搭配介词 in，描述过去发生的事件。`participate in` 意为“参与/参加 (participated)”调查。
30. O (upper)。解析：位于不定冠词 an 和名词 limit 之间，需要填入以元音音素开头的形容词。`upper limit` 是固定搭配，意为“上限 (upper)”。
31. M (seemingly)。解析：位于 there was 和 no limit 之间，修饰整个句子或 no limit，需要填入副词。研究人员发现运动对长寿的益处“似乎/表面上 (seemingly)”没有上限。
32. L (risk)。解析：位于形容词比较级 lower 之后，介词 of 之前，需要填入名词。`risk of death` 意为“死亡风险 (risk)”。
33. J (patterns)。解析：位于动词 find 之后，需要填入名词作宾语。观察性研究不能证明因果关系，只能发现数据中的“模式/规律 (patterns)”。
34. A (adjust)。解析：位于 be able to 之后，搭配介词 for，需要填入动词原形。`adjust for` 意为在研究或统计中对某因素进行“调整/校正 (adjust)”。
35. G (limitations)。解析：位于介词 Despite 和指示代词 these 之后，需要填入复数名词。上文提到了该研究不能证明因果、不能控制变量等缺点，这些都是该研究的“局限性 (limitations)”。
全文翻译
根据发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项新研究，每周仅锻炼10分钟就与更长的寿命相关。最近的几项研究发现，即使是短时间的低强度运动，也能对健康产生有意义的影响。不过，每周仅锻炼10分钟就足以延长寿命这一观点是新颖的。这在某种程度上也令人惊讶，因为联邦体育活动指南建议每周至少进行75分钟剧烈运动或150分钟适度运动。该研究基于1997年至2008年间参与国家健康访谈调查的88,000多名美国成年人的数据。与一些研究发现运动量存在健康上限的研究相反，研究人员发现运动对长寿的益处几乎没有上限。即使是从联邦政府推荐运动量10倍的小群体，其死亡风险也比最不活跃的群体低46%。不过，像这样的观察性研究不能证明因果关系，只能发现关联。研究人员也无法控制某些可能影响寿命的生活方式因素，包括饮食习惯和随时间变化的体育活动变化。尽管存在这些局限性，研究结果再次证明了体育活动的力量，即使是少量运动也是如此。核心搭配与高分句型
【核心搭配与高频短语】
- be linked to：与...有关联（is linked to a longer life）
- have an impact on：对...产生影响（have a meaningful impact on health）
- participate in：参与，参加（participated in the National Health Interview Survey）
- contrary to：与...相反（Contrary to some research）
- upper limit：上限（an upper limit to the amount of exercise）
- cause and effect：因果关系（cannot prove cause and effect）
- adjust for：对...进行调整/校正（统计学术语）（adjust for certain lifestyle factors）
- an indication of：...的迹象/表明（another indication of the power of physical activity）
【亮点句型解析】
- The idea that 引导同位语从句：
"Still, the idea that exercising for just 10 minutes a week may be enough to increase your lifespan is novel."
（尽管如此，每周仅锻炼10分钟就足以延长寿命的想法是新颖的。）`that` 引导的从句对抽象名词 `idea` 的内容进行了具体解释。这是一个非常标准的高级长难句结构，主语极长，谓语动词 `is` 放在最后。 - Even + 比较成分 (强调句型)：
"Even the small group of people who got 10 times the amount of exercise... had a 46% lower risk of death than the least active group."
（即使是那些运动量达到推荐量10倍的一小群人，其死亡风险也比最不活跃的群体低46%。）使用 `Even` 引导极端情况的例子，搭配定语从句修饰主语，再结合比较级，极具说服力地证明了运动益处“没有上限”。