Section B: Information Matching
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
The hidden costs colleges don't want you to know about
[A] This fall, thousands of college students from across the country will begin their undergraduate studies at colleges around the nation. They will inevitably pack too much to fit in their tiny dorm rooms. They will also carry with them a huge student loan debt, in addition to countless 'hidden' out-of-pocket costs paid for by their bank accounts and the bank accounts of their families.
[B] At my well-respected, private, four-year university in Washington, D.C., which boasts a yearly tuition of $ 44,046 not including room and board, I receive over $ 57,000 yearly in financial aid. As a student from a family that is struggling to make ends meet, my financial aid package is a combination of federal grants and federal work study, university merit scholarships and financial aid awards, and about $ 8,000 yearly in federally subsidized and unsubsidized loans. On paper, my expenses and my financial aid just about even out. Off paper, they don't.
[C] Universities today are in the business of making money, and mine is no exception. They hit me right out of gate with a $ 160 fee to attend my freshman orientation, a price which does not include the cost of travel to and from the District. Almost every class has an associated fee not included in the cost of tuition, most between $ 40 and $ 100. Fees for lab science classes are the highest, and all students at my university are required to take at least one lab before they graduate. Buying a laptop proved a necessity and, thankfully, a relative bought me one as a gift. Renting a mini-fridge for my dorm room costs my roommates and me about $ 140 a year.
[D] Schools will charge you whatever they can. The costs of any damage to the dorm, including elevators, bathrooms, and common areas, are billed to every person on a dorm floor, or even the entire building if they do not know who caused the damage. After I fell out of my bed twice during my freshman year, the university installed a railing-for $ 20, billed to my student account. My financial aid did not anticipate any of these costs, and so it did not cover them.
[E] An Internet search of 'hidden costs' of college turns up a host of articles on parent-centered websites on the college application process. These articles are almost always geared towards upper- and middleclass families. For students already struggling to pay tuition, these costs may be the least of their worries.
[F] So what hidden costs should low-income students really be paying attention to? My college experience offers a few examples.
[G] If you are a low-income student who will be attending school out-of-state, make sure you know if you can use your state benefits, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP. It wasn't until after I had accepted admission to an out-of-state school that I learned that I could not use my Ohio Medicaid on campus for anything other than emergency care. My benefits became invalid the second I moved out of Ohio. After my freshman year, I had to opt for the school's insurance plan, which costs around $ 2,000 a year. Even if your school offers a flat-rate fee for a doctor's appointment at the student health center (mine is $ 20 a visit), these fees often do not include extra fees for lab tests or prescription medications.
[H] If you plan on paying off bills in your student account with a credit card, be aware of any additional costs. My school charges an additional fee for the use of a credit card to settle outstanding charges, which can add upwards of 3% of the balance to your bill.
[I] There is another depressing reality hidden within even the largest financial aid packages: Colleges often offer the most generous packages during freshman year as a way to attract new students. My family was careful to ask about the chances of financial aid being taken away after my freshman year. We were assured that, except for low grades or a raise in family income, no money would be taken away. We did not know to ask- and the school did not readily point out-that even if tuition rises, my financial aid package will stay the same. So when my university voted to raise tuition costs 3% at the end of my freshman year, my financial aid package remained the same and I was suddenly responsible for an additional $ 1,200 for the next year. The university administration will likely vote to raise costs at least once more before my graduation.
[J] Yes, I chose to attend an expensive university far from my hometown. Yes, there were cheaper options. But there are promising students from struggling families across the nation who should not rule out their dream schools entirely. All things considered, I am paying significantly less than the ticket price of my university, and having an educational experience in Washington, D.C., that I would not have had anywhere else. As a low-income student from a down-and-out Rust Belt community, these educational experiences have enormous potential to brighten my future- and my family's future.
[K] The key is to make sure that students and their families understand that hidden costs exist, and that they may prove problematic. Fill out a more comprehensive checklist, and be wary of listed prices that seem too low. Understand just how complicated the financial aid process is.
[L] Students and families must also understand their ability to self-advocate. They should not pay student bills or excess fees blindly. If something does not look right, ask about it. If it still doesn't look right, negotiate it. In cases where parents are working multiple jobs, are less knowledgeable about college bureaucracies, have limited English language skills, or are not contributing financially to their child's education, the burden of self-advocacy will fall on the student. I understand the difficulty, and the embarrassment. But it is necessary.
[M] In the grand scheme of things, however, colleges also must come to understand that the hidden fees they ask for may prove unmanageable for the very kinds of low-income or first-generation students they are trying desperately to attract.
36. Students' financial aid remains unchanged even when tuition rises.
37. Students may not be able to enjoy their state benefits when they go to college out of the state.
38. The financial aid the author receives is supposed to cover all her college expenses.
39. When the person who damages dorm facilities is not identified, students are required to share the cost.
40. Though it is difficult and embarrassing, students should make inquiries about what fees they have to pay and why.
41. Today, many Americans have to go to college on student loans.
42. Receiving education in a private university in the nation's capital may change the author's future life and that of her family's.
43. Students may no longer be qualified for financial aid if they perform poorly in school or if their family income has increased.
44. In addition to tuition, college students have to pay extra fees for the courses they take.
45. Some schools charge students a fee to their student accounts for using credit cards to pay bills.
Answers & Explanations
36. I。解析：题干意为“即使学费上涨，学生的助学金也保持不变”。对应 [I] 段中的 even if tuition rises, my financial aid package will stay the same。
37. G。解析：题干意为“去州外读大学时，学生可能无法享受其州内福利”。对应 [G] 段中提到的 Ohio Medicaid becoming invalid the second I moved out of Ohio。
38. B。解析：题干意为“作者获得的助学金本应涵盖所有的大学开支”。对应 [B] 段末尾 On paper, my expenses and my financial aid just about even out (账面上刚好抵消)。
39. D。解析：题干意为“当找不到损坏宿舍设施的人时，学生被要求分担费用”。对应 [D] 段：damage... are billed to every person on a dorm floor... if they do not know who caused the damage。
40. L。解析：题干意为“虽然困难和尴尬，学生也应该询问费用明细”。对应 [L] 段末尾：I understand the difficulty, and the embarrassment. But it is necessary (询问和自张权利是必要的)。
41. A。解析：题干意为“今天许多美国人必须靠学生贷款上大学”。对应 [A] 段：carry with them a huge student loan debt。
42. J。解析：题干意为“在首都的私立大学接受教育可能改变作者及其家人的未来”。对应 [J] 段：experience in Washington, D.C.... potential to brighten my future- and my family's future。
43. I。解析：题干意为“如果表现不佳或家庭收入增加，学生可能失去助学金资格”。对应 [I] 段：except for low grades or a raise in family income, no money would be taken away。
44. C。解析：题干意为“除了学费，大学生还得为所修课程支付额外费用”。对应 [C] 段：Almost every class has an associated fee not included in the cost of tuition (几乎每门课都有学费之外的关联费用)。
45. H。解析：题干意为“一些学校会对使用信用卡支付账单的学生收取手续费”。对应 [H] 段：charges an additional fee for the use of a credit card to settle outstanding charges (针对信用卡结账收取额外手续费)。
全文翻译
[A] 今年秋天，来自全国各地的数千名大学生将在全国各地的大学开始他们的本科学习。他们不可避免地会打包太多东西，装不进他们小小的宿舍。他们还将背负着巨额的学生贷款债务，以及无数的"隐藏"自付费用，这些费用由他们的银行账户和他们家庭的银行账户支付。
[B] 在我所在的华盛顿特区一所备受推崇的私立四年制大学，每年学费高达44,046美元（不包括食宿），我每年获得超过57,000美元的经济援助。作为一个来自勉强维持生计家庭的学生，我的经济援助方案是联邦助学金和联邦勤工俭学、大学功绩奖学金和经济援助奖项，以及每年约8,000美元的联邦补贴和非补贴贷款的组合。在纸面上，我的开支和经济援助基本持平。在纸面之外，它们并不持平。
[C] 今天的大学是赚钱的企业，我的学校也不例外。他们一开始就收了我160美元的新生入学指导费用，这个价格不包括往返特区的旅行费。几乎每门课都有不在学费中包含的附加费用，大多在40到100美元之间。实验科学课的费用最高，而我校所有学生都被要求在毕业前至少修一门实验课。买一台笔记本电脑证明是必需品，谢天谢地，一位亲戚买了一台送给我。为我的宿舍租一台迷你冰箱每年花我和室友约140美元。
[D] 学校会尽可能地收费。任何宿舍损坏的费用，包括电梯、浴室和公共区域，都被记到宿舍楼层每个人头上，如果他们不知道是谁造成的损坏，甚至整栋楼。大一时我从床上摔下来两次后，大学安装了一个护栏——收费20美元，记在我的学生账户上。我的经济援助没有预见到任何这些费用，所以它没有涵盖它们。
[E] 在网上搜索大学"隐藏费用"，会出现大量家长中心网站上关于大学申请过程的文章。这些文章几乎总是面向中上层家庭。对于已经在支付学费上挣扎的学生来说，这些费用可能是他们最不担心的事。
[F] 那么低收入学生真正应该关注哪些隐藏费用呢？我的大学经历提供了一些例子。
[G] 如果你是将在州外上学的低收入学生，确保你知道是否可以使用你的州福利，如补充营养援助计划。直到我接受了州外学校的录取后，我才知道我不能在校园里使用我的俄亥俄州医疗补助来做除紧急护理以外的任何事情。我一搬出俄亥俄州，我的福利就失效了。第一年后，我不得不选择学校的保险计划，每年约2,000美元。即使你的学校在学生健康中心提供统一费率的医生就诊（我的是每次20美元），这些费用通常不包括化验或处方药的额外费用。
[H] 如果你计划用信用卡支付学生账户的账单，注意任何额外费用。我的学校对使用信用卡结清未付费用收取额外费用，这可能会在你的账单上增加余额的3%以上。
[I] 即使在最大的经济援助方案中，也隐藏着另一个令人沮丧的现实：大学通常在大一时提供最慷慨的方案，作为吸引新学生的一种方式。我的家人小心地询问了第一年后经济援助被取消的可能性。我们被保证，除了成绩低或家庭收入增加外，不会有任何钱被拿走。我们不知道要问——学校也没有主动指出——即使学费上涨，我的经济援助方案也将保持不变。所以当我的大学在大一结束时投票将学费提高3%时，我的经济援助方案保持不变，我突然要为下一年多付1,200美元。在我毕业前，大学管理层很可能至少还会再投票提高一次费用。
[J] 是的，我选择了一所远离家乡的昂贵大学。是的，有更便宜的选择。但全国各地有来自挣扎家庭的有前途学生，他们不应当完全排除他们的梦想学校。综合考虑，我支付的学费远低于我大学的面值，并在华盛顿特区获得了在任何其他地方都无法获得的教育体验。作为一个来自没落铁锈带社区的低收入学生，这些教育体验有着巨大的潜力照亮我的未来——以及我家庭的未来。
[K] 关键是确保学生和他们的家庭理解隐藏费用是存在的，并且它们可能带来问题。填写一份更全面的清单，并警惕看起来太低的标价。理解经济援助过程有多么复杂。
[L] 学生和家庭还必须理解他们自我主张的能力。他们不应盲目支付学生账单或额外费用。如果某些事情看起来不对，询问它。如果仍然看起来不对，协商它。在父母打多份工、对大学官僚体制了解较少、英语语言技能有限或不资助子女教育的情况下，自我主张的重担将落在学生身上。我理解这种困难和尴尬。但这是必要的。
[M] 然而，从大局来看，大学也必须理解，他们所要求的隐藏费用可能对它们拼命想吸引的那种低收入或第一代学生来说是无法承受的。
核心短语与重点句型
【核心搭配与高频短语】
- out-of-pocket costs：自付费用（保险或助学金不涵盖的部分）
- make ends meet：收支平衡；维持生计
- financial aid package：助学金组合/方案
- even out：抵消；拉平
- freshman orientation：大一新生培训
- rule out：排除；不考虑
- self-advocate：自我主张；为自己的利益据理力争
- in the grand scheme of things：从宏观来看；从长远来看
【亮点句型解析】
- On paper..., Off paper... (对比结构)：
"On paper, my expenses and my financial aid just about even out. Off paper, they don't."
（账面上，我的开销和助学金刚好抵消。实际上，并非如此。）作者用极其简洁的对比揭示了理想与现实的差距。 - It wasn't until... that... (强调句型)：
"It wasn't until after I had accepted admission... that I learned that I could not use my Medicaid..."
（直到我接受了录取之后，我才得知我不能使用医疗补助...）这种强调句常用于描述“事后才意识到”的状况。 - ...geared towards... (被动用法)：
"These articles are almost always geared towards upper- and middleclass families."
（这些文章几乎总是针对中上层阶级家庭的。）`gear towards` 意为“使适应于；针对”，是职场和学术类文章中描述受众的高级表达。