Section B: Information Matching

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.

[A] I taught a university class on evil. debates were heated and interesting. I like destroying the cliche of good and evil and replacing them with scientific insight.

[B] Without understanding, we risk dehumanizing others. we tend to think evil is something other people are. If their actions deviate substantially from the acceptable, we label them evil.

[C] In Scooby-Doo, the monster was always a normal person in a costume. 'Evil' is insufficient - there are no simple explanations for why humans do bad things.

[D] Evil is deviance from social norms: formal deviance like theft, and informal deviance like lying. [E] Deviating from the norm can make us villains, but it can also make us heroes.

[F] Creativity is also a deviation. It gave us medicine and technology, but also poison and nuclear weapons. [G] Researchers Gino and Wiltermuth examined if dishonesty in one task makes people more creative in the next.

[H] In one study, participants were given matrixes to find numbers adding to 10. 59% cheated in their self-report. [I] Then they measured creativity using the Remote Associates Test where you find linking words like 'Hole' or 'Bowl'.

[J] Participants who cheated did better on the creativity task. lying and being creative both involve 'thinking outside the box' and deviating from expectations. Stimulating one stimulates the other.

[K] Deviance can be a good thing. heroism is fundamentally ordinary and available to all of us. We are all capable of behaving like outliers. deviance has potential for good as well as for harm.

36. A behavior that does not conform to social norms may be described as being deviant.

37. Various experiments found that participants who cheated in the initial task performed better in the creativity test.

38. People may be simply considered evil if their behaviors are morally unacceptable to us.

39. The research published by two scientists was intended to examine the relationship between dishonesty and creativity.

40. The author's lectures sparked lively discussions in his class.

41. The researchers tested the participants' creativity by asking them to play a word game.

42. It is time we realized that deviance may be capable of doing both good and harm to individuals and society.

43. The reasons for people's evil behaviors can be explained in more ways than one.

44. The math task in one experiment was designed to test participants' tendency to cheat.

45. Some creative ideas have turned out to do harm to human society.

Answers & Explanations

36. D。解析：题干中的 does not conform to social norms（不符合社会规范）以及 deviant（偏离常态的）对应 [D] 段的 Evil is deviance from social norms（邪恶是对社会规范的偏离）。

37. J。解析：题干中的 participants who cheated in the initial task performed better in the creativity test（在初始任务中作弊的参与者在创造力测试中表现更好）完美对应 [J] 段的首句 Participants who cheated did better on the creativity task。

38. B。解析：题干中的 considered evil if their behaviors are morally unacceptable to us（如果他们的行为在道德上对我们来说是不可接受的，人们可能会被简单地认为是邪恶的）对应 [B] 段的 If their actions deviate substantially from the acceptable, we label them evil（如果他们的行为大幅偏离了可接受的范围，我们就给他们贴上邪恶的标签）。

39. G。解析：题干中的 examine the relationship between dishonesty and creativity（旨在研究不诚实和创造力之间的关系）对应 [G] 段的 Researchers Gino and Wiltermuth examined if dishonesty in one task makes people more creative in the next（研究人员检查了一项任务中的不诚实是否会让人在下一项任务中更具创造力）。

40. A。解析：题干中的 sparked lively discussions（引发了热烈的讨论）对应 [A] 段的 debates were heated and interesting（辩论激烈且有趣）。

41. I。解析：题干中的 play a word game（玩文字游戏）对应 [I] 段的 Remote Associates Test where you find linking words like 'Hole' or 'Bowl'（远程联想测试，在其中你寻找像'Hole'或'Bowl'这样的关联词）。

42. K。解析：题干中的 doing both good and harm（既能做好事也能造成伤害）对应 [K] 段末句的 deviance has potential for good as well as for harm（偏离常态既有行善的潜力，也有作恶的潜力）。

43. C。解析：题干中的 explained in more ways than one（邪恶行为的原因有不止一种解释方式）对应 [C] 段的 there are no simple explanations for why humans do bad things（对于人类为什么做坏事，没有简单的解释）。

44. H。解析：题干中的 math task（数学任务）对应 [H] 段的 find numbers adding to 10（找到相加等于10的数字），而 test participants' tendency to cheat（测试参与者的作弊倾向）对应段落中的 59% cheated in their self-report（59%的人在自我报告中作弊了）。

45. F。解析：题干中的 do harm to human society（对人类社会造成伤害）对应 [F] 段的 but also poison and nuclear weapons（但也带来了毒药和核武器）。

核心搭配与高分句型

【核心搭配与高频短语】

• deviate from：偏离，背离（deviate substantially from the acceptable）
• conform to：遵守，符合（conform to social norms）
• think outside the box：跳出固有框架思考，打破常规思考
• label sb. + adj./n.：给某人贴上...的标签（we label them evil）
• capable of：有能力做...的（capable of behaving like outliers）
• as well as：既...又...，以及（potential for good as well as for harm）
• turn out to：结果是，证明是（turned out to do harm）

【亮点句型解析】

• Without + 动名词 (条件/假设状语)：
  "Without understanding, we risk dehumanizing others."
  （如果不去理解，我们就有使他人失去人性的风险。）`Without doing sth.` 结构简洁有力，常用于引出某种不良后果的前提，是四级写作中论述问题危害的高分句型。
• Both... and... 引导的并列主语：
  "lying and being creative both involve 'thinking outside the box' and deviating from expectations."
  （撒谎和具有创造力都涉及“跳出框架思考”和偏离预期。）该句使用动名词短语（lying, being creative）作主语，不仅句式工整，而且极其凝练地总结了两种看似无关行为的底层共性。