汉译英 (Translation) - 亡羊补牢
▍ 原题展示
从前有个人养了一群羊。一天早上他准备出去放羊，发现少了一只。他仔细一看，看到羊栏(sheepfold)上有个窟窿。显然，夜间有狼钻进羊圈叼走了羊。邻居劝他修羊栏，可是他不听。第二天，他发现狼又通过窟窿叼走一只羊。他想起邻居的话，就赶快堵上窟窿，把羊栏补好。此后，他的羊再也没有被狼叼走。故事告诉我们：出了问题及时补救，可以防止蒙受更大损失。
▍ 逐句翻译训练 (点击中文句子查看英文)
1. 从前有个人养了一群羊。一天早上他准备出去放羊，发现少了一只。
Once upon a time, there was a man who kept a flock of sheep. One morning, when preparing to graze the sheep, he found one missing.
2. 他仔细一看，看到羊栏(sheepfold)上有个窟窿。显然，夜间有狼钻进羊圈叼走了羊。
Looking closely, he saw a hole in the sheepfold. Obviously, a wolf had sneaked into the sheepfold during the night and carried away the sheep.
3. 邻居劝他修羊栏，可是他不听。第二天，他发现狼又通过窟窿叼走一只羊。
A neighbor advised him to repair the sheepfold, but he refused to listen. The next day, he found that the wolf had carried away another sheep through the hole.
4. 他想起邻居的话，就赶快堵上窟窿，把羊栏补好。此后，他的羊再也没有被狼叼走。
Remembering his neighbor's words, he hurried to block the hole and mend the sheepfold. From then on, his sheep were never carried away by wolves again.
5. 故事告诉我们：出了问题及时补救，可以防止蒙受更大损失。
The story tells us that taking timely remedial measures after a problem occurs can prevent greater losses.
▍ 核心句型解析
1. 现在分词作时间/伴随状语 (Present Participle as Adverbial)
句型：
解析：原文“他仔细一看”和“他想起邻居的话”。这两个动作都是主语“他”发出的，且与主句的谓语动词几乎同时发生或作为前提条件。在英文中，使用现在分词短语 `Looking closely` 和 `Remembering...` 充当状语，避免了连续使用并列句，是六级翻译中的绝佳提分句型。
句型：
Looking closely, he saw a hole... / Remembering his neighbor's words, he hurried to...解析：原文“他仔细一看”和“他想起邻居的话”。这两个动作都是主语“他”发出的，且与主句的谓语动词几乎同时发生或作为前提条件。在英文中，使用现在分词短语 `Looking closely` 和 `Remembering...` 充当状语，避免了连续使用并列句，是六级翻译中的绝佳提分句型。
2. 过去完成时态 (Past Perfect Tense)
句型：
解析：原文“夜间有狼钻进羊圈叼走了羊”。这个动作发生在“他早上发现”之前，即“过去的过去”。因此，使用过去完成时 `had sneaked` 和 `(had) carried`，能够极其精准地传达出动作发生的时间先后逻辑。
句型：
...a wolf had sneaked into the sheepfold... and carried away the sheep.解析：原文“夜间有狼钻进羊圈叼走了羊”。这个动作发生在“他早上发现”之前，即“过去的过去”。因此，使用过去完成时 `had sneaked` 和 `(had) carried`，能够极其精准地传达出动作发生的时间先后逻辑。
3. 动名词作主语 (Gerund as Subject)
句型：
解析：原文“出了问题及时补救，可以防止……”。“及时补救”是一个动作概念，在英语中不能直接充当主语。将其转化为动名词短语 `taking timely remedial measures`，使得句子结构完美符合英语语法规范。
句型：
...taking timely remedial measures after a problem occurs can prevent...解析：原文“出了问题及时补救，可以防止……”。“及时补救”是一个动作概念，在英语中不能直接充当主语。将其转化为动名词短语 `taking timely remedial measures`，使得句子结构完美符合英语语法规范。
4. 常用高级动词与固定搭配 (Advanced Collocations)
句型：
解析：翻译绝不仅仅是字面对应。“不听”不应简单译为 `didn't listen`，而应译为 `refused to listen` (拒绝听从)；“赶快”译为 `hurried to do sth.`；“补”羊圈使用专业词汇 `mend` (修补)，极大提升了译文的文学性和专业度。
句型：
refused to listen / hurried to block / mend the sheepfold解析：翻译绝不仅仅是字面对应。“不听”不应简单译为 `didn't listen`，而应译为 `refused to listen` (拒绝听从)；“赶快”译为 `hurried to do sth.`；“补”羊圈使用专业词汇 `mend` (修补)，极大提升了译文的文学性和专业度。
▍ 核心词汇积累
once upon a time [固定短语] 从前
keep a flock of sheep [动宾短语] 养了一群羊
find one missing [固定搭配] 发现少了一只 (missing作宾补)
sneak into [动词短语] 溜进，钻进
carry away [动词短语] 叼走，带走
refuse to listen [动词短语] 不听，拒绝听从
hurry to do sth. [动词短语] 赶快做某事
from then on [时间状语] 此后，从那时起
taking timely remedial measures [名词短语] 及时采取补救措施
▍ 完整参考译文
Once upon a time, there was a man who kept a flock of sheep. One morning, when preparing to graze the sheep, he found one missing. Looking closely, he saw a hole in the sheepfold. Obviously, a wolf had sneaked into the sheepfold during the night and carried away the sheep. A neighbor advised him to repair the sheepfold, but he refused to listen. The next day, he found that the wolf had carried away another sheep through the hole. Remembering his neighbor's words, he hurried to block the hole and mend the sheepfold. From then on, his sheep were never carried away by wolves again. The story tells us that taking timely remedial measures after a problem occurs can prevent greater losses.