Section B: Information Matching

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.

How a rabbit study and an ex-student boost my hopes for a future of 'love and dignity'

[A] At whatever grade level teachers find themselves, from kindergarten to the final class at medical or law school, few moments stir the emotions as deeply as when former students reappear years and often decades later with an update on where their journey has taken them and what resiliencies have been the pavement on which they've traveled.

[B] So it was when a recent letter came from Kelli Harding, a student 21 years ago in my Peace Studies summer course in Washington. The weekly tuition-free class, in a roomy space that Ralph Nader and his Public Citizen nonprofit group provided, was discussion-based and required no useless homework or exams. Just come in and figure out how to increase peace and decrease violence. And do it today, tomorrow is too late. The course attracted mostly congressional interns, with a few exceptions like Kelli who was in Washington as an AmeriCorps volunteer.

[C] Her year-long service included comforting AIDs patients at a free health clinic and delivering meals to the homebound. It was a world apart from her undergraduate days at the University of California- Berkeley majoring in political science. The Washington experience, which Kelli would later call transformative, was the fuel that carried her into medicine to earn a master's degree in public health from Columbia University and a medical degree from the University of Rochester, and almost two decades of practice as an emergency-room psychiatrist at New York-Presbyterian Hospital and a clinical professor of psychiatry at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.

[D] Kelli's letter, a literate update on both her personal and professional life, touched my heart, and especially so when saying that two decades later she still has the course text, “Solutions to Violence,” and that “it remains one of my favorite possessions.” She lives in Lower Manhattan with her husband, Padraic, whom she met on a flight to London, and their three boys.

[E] If Kelli stands out, it's because she is also a gifted writer. Last month, Atria Books published her book The Rabbit Effect: Live Longer, Happier, and Healthier with the Groundbreaking Science of Kindness.

[F] With a blending of free-flowing confessional prose and scholarly research found in 461 notes, Kelli met my expectations that her ideas and ideals would be sound and singular. “Despite our scientific progress,” she writes, “Americans are remarkably unhealthy. In 2016, the United States ranked forty-third in the world for life expectancy.... It is also by far the world's most expensive place to get sick.”

[G] Enter the rabbits—not those running around in our woodlands but ones serving in two month-long medical experiments to test the effects of eating a high-fat diet and the connections between cholesterol and heart disease. With similar diets, the expectations were that all the rabbits would have similar cloggings of their arteries. Yet one group had 60% fewer of them.

[H] The reason? Instead of receiving the standard care given to lab animals, the 60% group was watched over by a newcomer to the lab who, Kelli writes, “handled the animals differently. When she fed her rabbits she talked to them and petted them. She didn't just pass out food, she gave them love.... The studies indicate something is missing in the traditional biomedical model. It wasn't diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy. It was kindness.”

[I] Amid the political noise about Obamacare, Medicare, Medicaid, health insurance and thieving pharmaceutical companies, Kelli Harding stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes, the simpler the better. She has walked too many miles in the halls of hospitals visiting too many far-gone patients and seeing too many medical mistakes to go along with conventional thinking.

[J] “The rabbit effect,” she explains, means that “when it comes to our health, we've been missing some crucial pieces: hidden factors behind what really makes us healthy. Factors like love, friendship, and dignity. The designs of our neighborhoods, schools, and workplaces. There's a social dimension to health that we've completely overlooked in our efforts to find the best and most cutting-edge medical care.... Ultimately, what affects our health in the most meaningful ways has more to do with how we treat one another, how we live, and how we think about what it means to be human than with anything that happens in the doctor's office.”

[K] In more than a few passages, she relates the stories of men and women who came up against assembly-line medicine where patients were treated mostly as pieces of flesh. “Clinically,” she writes, “it's common to see two patients with the same condition, such as recovering from a heart attack, have two very different courses based on seemingly irrelevant factors, such as their family relationships or their educational levels. In my practice, the sickest people I see often share similar backgrounds: loneliness, abuse, poverty, or discrimination. For them, the medical model isn't enough. It's like fixing up an airplane engine and ignoring that the pilot is on his third drink at the bar and a massive storm is overhead.... To properly care for patients, we also need to care about the lives of the people getting the care.”

[L] Kelli wastes no time taking potshots at the medical establishment and its body-centered biomedicine methods. Instead, she remains positive, holding up for praise one of her medical school professors, George Engel, “who always noticed not just a patient's physical condition but little details about her life, such as if she had family pictures up in her hospital room or flowers delivered. He was the kind of trusted doctor you'd feel relieved to see and welcome into the room with a sick family member. He'd sit down to talk with the patient not just about medical problems, but about her life and priorities. He built a large consultation service to address the holistic needs of hospitalized patients, including psychological and social factors.”

[M] It's a guess how many George Engels in their white jackets are at work these days and another speculation on the number of Kelli Hardings the nation is blessed with. May the totals be large and getting larger.

36. Kelli Harding also distinguishes herself by her literary talent.

37. Kelli Harding doesn't think America's medical model is sufficient for patients who need help most.

38. Kelli Harding differs from those seeking quick and simple solutions to America's medical problems.

39. Kelli Harding was a participant in a summer course the author taught.

40. According to Kelli Harding, scientific advances have not made Americans healthier, nor prolonged their life.

41. The author was deeply moved by what Kelli Harding wrote about her current life.

42. George Engel, in treating his patients, not only looks into their symptoms but also into things like the emotional support they receive.

43. According to Kelli Harding, rabbits' health had more to do with humans' kindness to them than their diet or genetics.

44. What Kelli Harding went through in Washington changed her life.

45. A social aspect to health has not been taken into account in trying to provide the best medical care.

Answers & Explanations

36. E。解析：题干中的 distinguishes herself by her literary talent（以文学才华使自己与众不同）对应 [E] 段的 If Kelli stands out, it's because she is also a gifted writer（如果 Kelli 脱颖而出，那是因为她也是一位有天赋的作家）。

37. K。解析：题干中的 America's medical model is sufficient for patients who need help most 对应 [K] 段的 In my practice, the sickest people... For them, the medical model isn't enough（在我的实践中，我看到的最病重的患者...对他们来说，医学模型是不够的）。

38. I。解析：题干中的 differs from those seeking quick and simple solutions 对应 [I] 段的 stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes, the simpler the better（与那些呼吁快速解决、越简单越好的人群区分开来）。

39. B。解析：题干中的 participant in a summer course 对应 [B] 段的 a student 21 years ago in my Peace Studies summer course（21年前我在和平研究暑期课程中的一名学生）。

40. F。解析：题干中的 scientific advances have not made Americans healthier 对应 [F] 段的 Despite our scientific progress... Americans are remarkably unhealthy（尽管我们在科学上取得了进步...美国人却非常不健康）。

41. D。解析：题干中的 deeply moved 对应 [D] 段的 touched my heart（触动了我的心）。

42. L。解析：题干中的 George Engel... looks into their symptoms but also into things like the emotional support 对应 [L] 段的 George Engel... noticed not just a patient's physical condition but little details about her life... address the holistic needs... including psychological and social factors（不仅注意到病人的身体状况，还注意到她生活中的小细节...解决病人的整体需求...包括心理和社会因素）。

43. H。解析：题干中的 rabbits' health had more to do with humans' kindness to them than their diet or genetics 对应 [H] 段的 It wasn't diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy. It was kindness（导致哪些兔子生病、哪些保持健康的，不是饮食或基因。而是仁慈/善意）。

44. C。解析：题干中的 went through in Washington changed her life 对应 [C] 段的 The Washington experience, which Kelli would later call transformative（华盛顿的经历，Kelli 后来称之为具有变革性的/改变一生的）。

45. J。解析：题干中的 A social aspect to health has not been taken into account 对应 [J] 段的 There's a social dimension to health that we've completely overlooked in our efforts to find the best and most cutting-edge medical care（在努力寻找最好和最前沿的医疗护理的过程中，我们完全忽视了健康的社会维度）。

核心搭配与高频短语

【核心搭配与高频短语】

• a world apart from：与...有天壤之别，截然不同（It was a world apart from her undergraduate days）
• stand out：脱颖而出，引人注目（If Kelli stands out, it's because...）
• by far：显然，远非（It is also by far the world's most expensive place...）
• stand apart from：与...区分开来，与众不同（Kelli Harding stands apart from the crowd）
• go along with：随波逐流，赞同（to go along with conventional thinking）
• when it comes to：当谈到，涉及到...时（when it comes to our health）
• come up against：碰到（困难），遭到（反对）（came up against assembly-line medicine）
• take into account：考虑到，顾及
• waste no time doing sth.：毫不犹豫地做某事，抓紧时间做某事（Kelli wastes no time taking potshots at...）
• hold up for praise：表扬，推崇（holding up for praise one of her medical school professors）

【亮点句型解析】

• At whatever... + as... as (无论... / 原级比较结构)：
  "At whatever grade level teachers find themselves... few moments stir the emotions as deeply as when former students reappear years and often decades later..."
  （无论教师发现自己处于哪个年级... 很少有时刻能像以前的学生在几年或几十年后重新出现时那样，深深地触动他们的情感...）`At whatever...` 引导让步状语从句，搭配 `few... as... as` 表示“很少有...能比得上...”，这种极具感情色彩和高级比较逻辑的句型，极适合用于四级作文的开头段引出感慨。
• what 主语从句 + have more to do with... than with... (主从+比较状语)：
  "Ultimately, what affects our health in the most meaningful ways has more to do with how we treat one another... than with anything that happens in the doctor's office."
  （最终，以最有意义的方式影响我们健康的东西，更多地与我们如何对待彼此有关... 而不是与在医生办公室里发生的任何事情有关。）`have more to do with A than with B` (与A的关系比与B的关系更大) 能够非常犀利且逻辑严密地进行对比论证。