Section B: Information Matching
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
How a rabbit study and an ex-student boost my hopes for a future of 'love and dignity'
[A] At whatever grade level teachers find themselves, from kindergarten to the final class at medical or law school, few moments stir the emotions as deeply as when former students reappear years and often decades later with an update on where their journey has taken them and what resiliencies have been the pavement on which they've traveled.
[B] So it was when a recent letter came from Kelli Harding, a student 21 years ago in my Peace Studies summer course in Washington. The weekly tuition-free class, in a roomy space that Ralph Nader and his Public Citizen nonprofit group provided, was discussion-based and required no useless homework or exams. Just come in and figure out how to increase peace and decrease violence. And do it today, tomorrow is too late. The course attracted mostly congressional interns, with a few exceptions like Kelli who was in Washington as an AmeriCorps volunteer.
[C] Her year-long service included comforting AIDs patients at a free health clinic and delivering meals to the homebound. It was a world apart from her undergraduate days at the University of California- Berkeley majoring in political science. The Washington experience, which Kelli would later call transformative, was the fuel that carried her into medicine to earn a master's degree in public health from Columbia University and a medical degree from the University of Rochester, and almost two decades of practice as an emergency-room psychiatrist at New York-Presbyterian Hospital and a clinical professor of psychiatry at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.
[D] Kelli's letter, a literate update on both her personal and professional life, touched my heart, and especially so when saying that two decades later she still has the course text, “Solutions to Violence,” and that “it remains one of my favorite possessions.” She lives in Lower Manhattan with her husband, Padraic, whom she met on a flight to London, and their three boys.
[E] If Kelli stands out, it's because she is also a gifted writer. Last month, Atria Books published her book The Rabbit Effect: Live Longer, Happier, and Healthier with the Groundbreaking Science of Kindness.
[F] With a blending of free-flowing confessional prose and scholarly research found in 461 notes, Kelli met my expectations that her ideas and ideals would be sound and singular. “Despite our scientific progress,” she writes, “Americans are remarkably unhealthy. In 2016, the United States ranked forty-third in the world for life expectancy.... It is also by far the world's most expensive place to get sick.”
[G] Enter the rabbits—not those running around in our woodlands but ones serving in two month-long medical experiments to test the effects of eating a high-fat diet and the connections between cholesterol and heart disease. With similar diets, the expectations were that all the rabbits would have similar cloggings of their arteries. Yet one group had 60% fewer of them.
[H] The reason? Instead of receiving the standard care given to lab animals, the 60% group was watched over by a newcomer to the lab who, Kelli writes, “handled the animals differently. When she fed her rabbits she talked to them and petted them. She didn't just pass out food, she gave them love.... The studies indicate something is missing in the traditional biomedical model. It wasn't diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy. It was kindness.”
[I] Amid the political noise about Obamacare, Medicare, Medicaid, health insurance and thieving pharmaceutical companies, Kelli Harding stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes, the simpler the better. She has walked too many miles in the halls of hospitals visiting too many far-gone patients and seeing too many medical mistakes to go along with conventional thinking.
[J] “The rabbit effect,” she explains, means that “when it comes to our health, we've been missing some crucial pieces: hidden factors behind what really makes us healthy. Factors like love, friendship, and dignity. The designs of our neighborhoods, schools, and workplaces. There's a social dimension to health that we've completely overlooked in our efforts to find the best and most cutting-edge medical care.... Ultimately, what affects our health in the most meaningful ways has more to do with how we treat one another, how we live, and how we think about what it means to be human than with anything that happens in the doctor's office.”
[K] In more than a few passages, she relates the stories of men and women who came up against assembly-line medicine where patients were treated mostly as pieces of flesh. “Clinically,” she writes, “it's common to see two patients with the same condition, such as recovering from a heart attack, have two very different courses based on seemingly irrelevant factors, such as their family relationships or their educational levels. In my practice, the sickest people I see often share similar backgrounds: loneliness, abuse, poverty, or discrimination. For them, the medical model isn't enough. It's like fixing up an airplane engine and ignoring that the pilot is on his third drink at the bar and a massive storm is overhead.... To properly care for patients, we also need to care about the lives of the people getting the care.”
[L] Kelli wastes no time taking potshots at the medical establishment and its body-centered biomedicine methods. Instead, she remains positive, holding up for praise one of her medical school professors, George Engel, “who always noticed not just a patient's physical condition but little details about her life, such as if she had family pictures up in her hospital room or flowers delivered. He was the kind of trusted doctor you'd feel relieved to see and welcome into the room with a sick family member. He'd sit down to talk with the patient not just about medical problems, but about her life and priorities. He built a large consultation service to address the holistic needs of hospitalized patients, including psychological and social factors.”
[M] It's a guess how many George Engels in their white jackets are at work these days and another speculation on the number of Kelli Hardings the nation is blessed with. May the totals be large and getting larger.
36. Kelli Harding also distinguishes herself by her literary talent.
37. Kelli Harding doesn't think America's medical model is sufficient for patients who need help most.
38. Kelli Harding differs from those seeking quick and simple solutions to America's medical problems.
39. Kelli Harding was a participant in a summer course the author taught.
40. According to Kelli Harding, scientific advances have not made Americans healthier, nor prolonged their life.
41. The author was deeply moved by what Kelli Harding wrote about her current life.
42. George Engel, in treating his patients, not only looks into their symptoms but also into things like the emotional support they receive.
43. According to Kelli Harding, rabbits' health had more to do with humans' kindness to them than their diet or genetics.
44. What Kelli Harding went through in Washington changed her life.
45. A social aspect to health has not been taken into account in trying to provide the best medical care.
Answers & Explanations
36. E。解析：题干中的 distinguishes herself by her literary talent（以文学才华使自己与众不同）对应 [E] 段的 If Kelli stands out, it's because she is also a gifted writer（如果 Kelli 脱颖而出，那是因为她也是一位有天赋的作家）。
37. K。解析：题干中的 America's medical model is sufficient for patients who need help most 对应 [K] 段的 In my practice, the sickest people... For them, the medical model isn't enough（在我的实践中，我看到的最病重的患者...对他们来说，医学模型是不够的）。
38. I。解析：题干中的 differs from those seeking quick and simple solutions 对应 [I] 段的 stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes, the simpler the better（与那些呼吁快速解决、越简单越好的人群区分开来）。
39. B。解析：题干中的 participant in a summer course 对应 [B] 段的 a student 21 years ago in my Peace Studies summer course（21年前我在和平研究暑期课程中的一名学生）。
40. F。解析：题干中的 scientific advances have not made Americans healthier 对应 [F] 段的 Despite our scientific progress... Americans are remarkably unhealthy（尽管我们在科学上取得了进步...美国人却非常不健康）。
41. D。解析：题干中的 deeply moved 对应 [D] 段的 touched my heart（触动了我的心）。
42. L。解析：题干中的 George Engel... looks into their symptoms but also into things like the emotional support 对应 [L] 段的 George Engel... noticed not just a patient's physical condition but little details about her life... address the holistic needs... including psychological and social factors（不仅注意到病人的身体状况，还注意到她生活中的小细节...解决病人的整体需求...包括心理和社会因素）。
43. H。解析：题干中的 rabbits' health had more to do with humans' kindness to them than their diet or genetics 对应 [H] 段的 It wasn't diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy. It was kindness（导致哪些兔子生病、哪些保持健康的，不是饮食或基因。而是仁慈/善意）。
44. C。解析：题干中的 went through in Washington changed her life 对应 [C] 段的 The Washington experience, which Kelli would later call transformative（华盛顿的经历，Kelli 后来称之为具有变革性的/改变一生的）。
45. J。解析：题干中的 A social aspect to health has not been taken into account 对应 [J] 段的 There's a social dimension to health that we've completely overlooked in our efforts to find the best and most cutting-edge medical care（在努力寻找最好和最前沿的医疗护理的过程中，我们完全忽视了健康的社会维度）。
全文翻译
[A] 无论教师处于哪个年级，从幼儿园到医学院或法学院的最后一课，很少有瞬间能像以前的学生在多年甚至几十年后重新出现时那样深深触动情感，他们带来自己旅程走向何方的更新，以及哪些韧性成为了他们旅行路上的铺路石。
[B] 所以当凯莉·哈丁最近来信时就是如此，她是我21年前在华盛顿和平研究暑期课程的学生。这个每周的免费课程，在拉尔夫·纳德和他的非营利组织Public Citizen提供的宽敞空间中，以讨论为基础，不需要无用的作业或考试。只是来弄清楚如何增加和平、减少暴力。今天就做，明天就太晚了。这门课程主要吸引了国会实习生，也有一些例外，比如凯莉，她作为美国志愿队的志愿者在华盛顿。
[C] 她为期一年的服务包括在免费健康诊所安慰艾滋病患者，以及为居家不便者送餐。这与她在加州大学伯克利分校主修政治学的本科生活天差地别。凯莉后来称之为具有变革性的华盛顿经历，是推动她进入医学领域的燃料，她从哥伦比亚大学获得公共卫生硕士学位，从罗切斯特大学获得医学学位，并在纽约长老会医院担任了将近二十年的急诊精神科医生，以及哥伦比亚大学欧文医学中心的精神病学临床教授。
[D] 凯莉的信，一份关于她个人和职业生活的优雅更新，触动了我的心，特别是当她说二十年后她仍然保留着课程教材《暴力解决方案》，并且"它仍然是我最珍视的财产之一。"她与丈夫帕德雷克（他们在飞往伦敦的航班上认识）以及他们的三个儿子住在曼哈顿下城。
[E] 如果说凯莉脱颖而出，那也是因为她是一位有天赋的作家。上个月，Atria Books出版了她的书《兔子效应：用开创性的善良科学活得更久、更快乐、更健康》。
[F] 以自由流动的自白式散文和461条注释中的学术研究相结合，凯莉满足了我的期望，她的思想和理想是健全而独特的。"尽管我们取得了科学进步，"她写道，"美国人非常不健康。2016年，美国在预期寿命方面排名世界第43位……它也是迄今为止世界上最昂贵的生病地方。"
[G] 现在来说兔子——不是那些在我们林地中奔跑的兔子，而是在两次为期一个月的医学实验中服务的兔子，目的是测试高脂饮食的影响以及胆固醇与心脏病之间的联系。在相似的饮食下，预期是所有的兔子都会有类似的动脉堵塞。然而，一组兔子的堵塞少了60%。
[H] 原因是什么？60%的那组不是接受实验室动物标准护理，而是由实验室的一名新来者照看，凯莉写道，她"以不同的方式处理动物。当她喂兔子时，她会和它们说话并抚摸它们。她不只是分发食物，她给了它们爱……研究表明传统生物医学模型中缺少一些东西。不是饮食或基因导致了哪些兔子生病、哪些保持健康的差异。是善良。"
[I] 在围绕奥巴马医改、医疗保险、医疗补助、健康保险和盗贼般的制药公司的政治噪音中，凯莉·哈丁与那些呼吁快速修复、越简单越好的大众不同。她在医院的走廊里走过太多里程，探望过太多晚期病人，见过太多医疗错误，无法随波逐流于传统思维。
[J] "兔子效应，"她解释说，意味着"当涉及到我们的健康时，我们一直缺少一些关键部分：真正使我们健康的隐藏因素。像爱、友谊和尊严这样的因素。我们社区、学校和工作场所的设计。在我们努力寻找最好、最前沿的医疗护理时，我们完全忽视了健康的社会维度……最终，以最有意义的方式影响我们健康的，更多地与我们彼此如何相待、我们如何生活以及我们如何思考做人的意义有关，而不是与医生办公室里发生的任何事情有关。"
[K] 在不止几处的段落中，她讲述了那些遭遇流水线式医疗的男女故事，在这种医疗中，病人主要被当作一块块肉体对待。"临床上，"她写道，"常见的现象是看到两个患有相同病症的病人，如从心脏病发作中恢复，基于看似无关的因素——如他们的家庭关系或教育水平——有着非常不同的病程。在我的实践中，我看到的最严重的病人往往有着相似的背景：孤独、虐待、贫困或歧视。对他们来说，医疗模式是不够的。这就像修理飞机引擎，却忽略了飞行员在酒吧喝了第三杯酒，头顶上还有一场巨大风暴……要妥善照顾病人，我们还需要关心接受护理的人的生活。"
[L] 凯莉没有浪费时间抨击医疗机构及其以身体为中心的生物医学方法。相反，她保持积极态度，称赞她医学院的一位教授乔治·恩格尔，"他总是不只注意到病人的身体状况，还注意到她生活中的小细节，比如她病房里是否挂着家庭照片，或者是否有人送了花。他是那种你会感到放心见到并欢迎进入有生病家人的房间的信赖医生。他会坐下来和病人交谈，不仅仅是关于医疗问题，还有她的生活和优先事项。他建立了一个大型咨询服务，以解决住院病人的整体需求，包括心理和社会因素。"
[M] 现在有多少穿着白大褂的乔治·恩格尔在工作是猜测，而这个国家有幸拥有多少凯莉·哈丁则是另一种推测。愿总数庞大且越来越大。
核心搭配与高频短语
【核心搭配与高频短语】
- a world apart from：与...有天壤之别，截然不同（It was a world apart from her undergraduate days）
- stand out：脱颖而出，引人注目（If Kelli stands out, it's because...）
- by far：显然，远非（It is also by far the world's most expensive place...）
- stand apart from：与...区分开来，与众不同（Kelli Harding stands apart from the crowd）
- go along with：随波逐流，赞同（to go along with conventional thinking）
- when it comes to：当谈到，涉及到...时（when it comes to our health）
- come up against：碰到（困难），遭到（反对）（came up against assembly-line medicine）
- take into account：考虑到，顾及
- waste no time doing sth.：毫不犹豫地做某事，抓紧时间做某事（Kelli wastes no time taking potshots at...）
- hold up for praise：表扬，推崇（holding up for praise one of her medical school professors）
【亮点句型解析】
- At whatever... + as... as (无论... / 原级比较结构)：
"At whatever grade level teachers find themselves... few moments stir the emotions as deeply as when former students reappear years and often decades later..."
（无论教师发现自己处于哪个年级... 很少有时刻能像以前的学生在几年或几十年后重新出现时那样，深深地触动他们的情感...）`At whatever...` 引导让步状语从句，搭配 `few... as... as` 表示“很少有...能比得上...”，这种极具感情色彩和高级比较逻辑的句型，极适合用于四级作文的开头段引出感慨。 - what 主语从句 + have more to do with... than with... (主从+比较状语)：
"Ultimately, what affects our health in the most meaningful ways has more to do with how we treat one another... than with anything that happens in the doctor's office."
（最终，以最有意义的方式影响我们健康的东西，更多地与我们如何对待彼此有关... 而不是与在医生办公室里发生的任何事情有关。）`have more to do with A than with B` (与A的关系比与B的关系更大) 能够非常犀利且逻辑严密地进行对比论证。