Section A: Banked Cloze
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Passage
A rainbow is a multi-colored, arc-shaped phenomenon that can appear in the sky. The colors of a rainbow are produced by the reflection and (26) ______ of light through water droplets present in the atmosphere. An observer may (27) ______ a rainbow to be located either near or far away, but this phenomenon is not actually located at any specific spot. Instead, the appearance of a rainbow depends entirely upon the position of the observer in (28) ______ to the direction of light. In essence, a rainbow is an (29) ______ illusion.
Rainbows present a (30) ______ made up of seven colors in a specific order. In fact, school children in many English-speaking countries are taught to remember the name “Roy G.Biv” as an aid for remembering the colors of a rainbow and their order. “Roy G.Biv” (31) ______ for: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The outer edge of the rainbow arc is red, while the inner edge is violet.
A rainbow is formed when light (generally sunlight) passes through water droplets (32) ______ in the atmosphere. The light waves change direction as they pass through the water droplets resulting in two processes: reflection and refraction. When light reflects off a water droplet, it simply (33) ______ back in the opposite direction from where it (34) ______. When light refracts, it takes a different direction. Some individuals refer to refracted light as “bent light waves”. A rainbow is formed because white light enters the water droplet where it bends in several different directions. When these bent light waves reach the other side of the water droplet, they reflect back out of the droplet instead of (35) ______ passing through the water. Since the white light is separated inside of the water, the refracted light appears as separate colors to the human eye.
Answers & Explanations
26. C (dispersion)。解析：空格由
and 连接，与前面的名词 reflection 并列，且后面接 of light。这里讲的是彩虹颜色的产生是由光的反射和“色散”共同作用的结果，因此填入名词 dispersion。27. H (perceive)。解析：空格位于助动词
may 之后，需要填入动词原形。主语是观察者 (observer)，宾语是彩虹 (rainbow)。观察者可能会“察觉/认为”彩虹位于近处或远处，因此填入 perceive。28. M (relation)。解析：空格位于介词
in 和 to 之间，构成固定搭配。in relation to 意为“相对于，关于”。彩虹的外观完全取决于观察者“相对于”光线方向的位置，因此填入 relation。29. F (optical)。解析：空格位于不定冠词
an 之后，名词 illusion 之前，需要填入以元音音素开头的形容词作定语。optical illusion 是固定搭配，意为“视觉幻象”，本质上彩虹是一种视觉幻象，因此填入 optical。30. N (spectrum)。解析：空格位于不定冠词
a 之后，过去分词短语 made up of... 之前，需要填入单数名词。彩虹呈现出由七种特定顺序颜色组成的“光谱”，因此填入 spectrum。31. O (stands)。解析：主语是单数专有名词
“Roy G.Biv”，空格后接介词 for，需要填入动词单三形式。固定搭配 stand for 意为“代表，象征”。“Roy G.Biv” 这个缩写代表了红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫七种颜色，因此填入 stands。32. E (hanging)。解析：空格位于名词
water droplets 之后，作后置定语，修饰水滴的状态。指代“悬浮/悬挂”在大气中的小水滴，因此填入现在分词 hanging。33. A (bounces)。解析：空格位于主语
it（指代光）和副词 simply 之后，后接副词 back，需要填入动词单三形式。当光从水滴上反射时，它只是向反方向“弹回/反射”，因此填入 bounces。34. G (originates)。解析：空格位于
where it 之后，引导地点状语从句，需要填入动词单三形式。光向它“起源/发源”的反方向反射回去，因此填入 originates。35. B (completely)。解析：空格位于介词
instead of 之后，动名词短语 passing through 之前，需要填入副词作状语。白光向几个方向弯曲并反射出来，而不是“完全地”穿透水滴，因此填入 completely。核心搭配与高分句型
【核心搭配与高频短语】
dispersion of light：光的色散（物理学术语）（produced by the reflection and dispersion of light）
in relation to：相对于，与...相比（in relation to the direction of light）
optical illusion：视觉幻象，错觉（it is an optical illusion）
made up of：由...组成（a spectrum made up of seven colors）
stand for：代表，是...的缩写（"Roy G.Biv" stands for...）
reflect off：从...反射出（When light reflects off a water droplet）
【亮点句型解析】
When 引导的时间状语从句与分词后置定语：
"A rainbow is formed when light (generally sunlight) passes through water droplets hanging in the atmosphere."
（当光线（通常是阳光）穿过悬浮在大气中的水滴时，就形成了彩虹。）
"A rainbow is formed when light (generally sunlight) passes through water droplets hanging in the atmosphere."
（当光线（通常是阳光）穿过悬浮在大气中的水滴时，就形成了彩虹。）
when 引导时间状语从句，而 hanging in the atmosphere 作为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 water droplets，使句意严密且层次清晰。 Instead of 引导的转折与伴随状语：
"When these bent light waves reach the other side of the water droplet, they reflect back out of the droplet instead of completely passing through the water."
（当这些弯曲的光波到达水滴的另一侧时，它们从水滴内部反射出来，而不是完全穿过水面。）
"When these bent light waves reach the other side of the water droplet, they reflect back out of the droplet instead of completely passing through the water."
（当这些弯曲的光波到达水滴的另一侧时，它们从水滴内部反射出来，而不是完全穿过水面。）
instead of 引导介词短语表示强烈的转折和对比，清楚地阐述了光在水滴内部的运动轨迹。