汉译英 (Translation) - 坎儿井
▍ 原题展示
坎儿井 (Karez) 是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成。该系统将春夏季节渗入 (seep into) 地下的大量雨水及积雪融水收集起来，通过山体的自然坡度引到地面，用于灌溉农田和满足人们的日常用水需求。坎儿井减少了水在地面的蒸发 (evaporation)，对地表破坏很小，因而有效地保护了自然资源与生态环境。坎儿井体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是对人类文明的一大贡献。
▍ 逐句翻译训练 (点击中文句子查看英文)
1. 坎儿井 (Karez) 是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成。
Karez is a water conservancy system in the arid regions of Xinjiang, consisting of underground channels that connect water wells.
2. 该系统将春夏季节渗入地下的大量雨水及积雪融水收集起来，通过山体的自然坡度引到地面，用于灌溉农田和满足人们的日常用水需求。
The system collects a large amount of rainwater and melted snow that seep into the underground in spring and summer, and guides the water to the surface through the natural slope of the mountains to irrigate farmland and meet people's daily water needs.
3. 坎儿井减少了水在地面的蒸发，对地表破坏很小，因而有效地保护了自然资源与生态环境。
Karez reduces water evaporation on the surface and causes little damage to the earth's surface, thus effectively protecting natural resources and the ecological environment.
4. 坎儿井体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是对人类文明的一大贡献。
Karez reflects the wisdom of the Chinese people to coexist in harmony with nature, and is a great contribution to human civilization.
▍ 核心句型解析
1. "consisting of..." 分词作后置定语
句型：
解析：原文“由地下渠道...连接而成”。这里如果新起一句会显得累赘，使用
句型：
... a water conservancy system..., consisting of underground channels...解析：原文“由地下渠道...连接而成”。这里如果新起一句会显得累赘，使用
consisting of (由...组成) 引导现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的 system，句式更加紧凑高级。 2. "that seep into..." 定语从句
句型：
解析：原文“春夏季节渗入地下的(大量雨水...)”。中文习惯把长定语放在名词前面，而英文必须用定语从句
句型：
... rainwater and melted snow that seep into the underground...解析：原文“春夏季节渗入地下的(大量雨水...)”。中文习惯把长定语放在名词前面，而英文必须用定语从句
that seep into... 将其后置修饰 rainwater and melted snow。 3. "thus doing..." 分词作结果状语
句型：
解析：原文“因而有效地保护了...”。四六级翻译中遇到“因而、从而”，最地道的译法是
句型：
... causes little damage..., thus effectively protecting natural resources...解析：原文“因而有效地保护了...”。四六级翻译中遇到“因而、从而”，最地道的译法是
thus + 现在分词 (protecting)，作自然而然的结果状语，替代平庸的 "so it protects"。 4. "coexist in harmony with" 经典搭配
句型：
解析：原文“与自然和谐共存”。可以直接背诵这个满分搭配：
句型：
... the wisdom of the Chinese people to coexist in harmony with nature...解析：原文“与自然和谐共存”。可以直接背诵这个满分搭配：
coexist in harmony with nature (与自然和谐共存) 或者 live in harmony with nature。 ▍ 核心词汇积累
water conservancy system [名词短语] 水利系统
arid regions [名词短语] 干旱地区
a large amount of [量词短语] 大量的 (修饰不可数名词)
melted snow [名词短语] 积雪融水 (也可译作 snow meltwater)
natural slope [名词短语] 自然坡度
daily water needs [名词短语] 日常用水需求
cause little damage to [动词短语] 对...破坏很小 (little 表否定)
human civilization [名词短语] 人类文明
▍ 完整参考译文
Karez is a water conservancy system in the arid regions of Xinjiang, consisting of underground channels that connect water wells. The system collects a large amount of rainwater and melted snow that seep into the underground in spring and summer, and guides the water to the surface through the natural slope of the mountains to irrigate farmland and meet people's daily water needs. Karez reduces water evaporation on the surface and causes little damage to the earth's surface, thus effectively protecting natural resources and the ecological environment. Karez reflects the wisdom of the Chinese people to coexist in harmony with nature, and is a great contribution to human civilization.