📝 仔细阅读 | 跨文化社交与创新思维

💡 本文核心提示

本文包含两篇阅读。Passage One 探讨了触觉沟通 (Haptics) 的文化差异，指出在不同文化背景下，身体接触（如拥抱、握手）的接受度差异巨大，建议在跨文化交流中学习并尊重当地规范；Passage Two 讨论了增长型兴趣思维 (Growth Mindset of Interest) 如何在当前复杂的社会环境下（如大流行病）激发整合性思维 (Integrative thinking)，从而在求职和产品创新中获得优势。
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📖 Passage One: The Culture of Haptics

Have you ever wondered how acceptable it is to hug or touch someone? While it may sound safe to avoid all physical contact so as not to offend anyone, the lack of touching might imply cold attitudes or indifference in interpersonal relationships.

So, what should we do? The simple answer is to thoroughly learn unique cultural norms for physical contact. In nonverbal communication terminology, physical contact and the study of touching are generally referred to as haptics.

Haptics in communication often suggest the level of intimacy. They are usually classified into two groups: high-contact and low-contact.

Asia and quite surprisingly the United States, Canada and Britain belong to low-contact cultures. People from the rest of the world, such as Latin America, are considered to be in high-contact cultures, where they tend to expect touching in social interactions and feel more comfortable with physical closeness.

One common French custom of greetings is cheek-kissing, but it is mostly restricted to friends, close acquaintances and family members. While cheek-kissing for Latin Americans is also a universal greeting form, it does not require such a high degree of relational closeness. However, gender matters more for them because cheek-kissing often only happens between women or a man and a woman but not two men.

In contrast, in certain Arabian, African, and Asian countries, men can publicly hold hands or show physical affection as signs of brotherhood or friendship while these behaviors may suggest a romantic relationship in other parts of the world. Although men's touching is more normal in these cultures, physical contact between persons of opposite sexes who are not family members is negatively perceived in Arabian countries.

These factors could definitely affect the degree to which someone is comfortable with tactile communication and physical intimacy. Therefore, if you are someone who loves to show physical affection, you should not be afraid to show it or drastically change your behaviors—just ask for consent beforehand!

🎯 Questions 46-50

46. What does the author say in the first paragraph about physical contact?

A. Its role in interpersonal relationships is getting increasingly important

B. It is becoming more acceptable to many who used to think it offensive

C. Its absence might suggest a lack of warmth in interpersonal relationships

D. It might prompt different responses from people of different social backgrounds

47. What does physical contact in communication suggest?

A. What social class people belong to.

B. How civilized the communicators are.

C. What family background people come from.

D. How close the communicators' relationships are.

48. What do we learn about people in high-contact cultures?

A. They are sensitive to the way people express their emotions

B. They take touching as a cultural norm in social interactions.

C. They attach great importance to close ties among people.

D. They tend to be more open in interpersonal relationships.

49. What do we learn about social customs in Arabian countries?

A. Men can show friendship in public through physical affection.

B. Non-traditional romantic relationships are simply unacceptable.

C. Physical contact between unfamiliar people is negatively perceived.

D. People of different ages and genders show affection in different ways.

50. What does the author tell us to do concerning tactile communication?

A. Lay emphasis on nonverbal communication.

B. Learn to use appropriate body language first.

C. Pay attention to the differences between genders.

D. Take other people's preference into consideration.

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📖 Passage Two: The Growth Mindset of Interest

From climate change to the ongoing pandemic and beyond, the issues facing today's world are increasingly complex and dynamic. Yet solving problems like these requires new approaches that extend beyond traditional ways of thinking. A study led by Yale Professor of Psychology, Paul O'Keefe, found that having a growth mindset of interest may spark this type of innovation.

Professor O'Keefe established in earlier studies that people hold different beliefs about the nature of interest. Those with a growth mindset of interest tend to believe that interests can be developed and cultivated, while those with a fixed mindset of interest tend to believe that interests are inherent and simply need to be ‘found.’ Building on these findings, the latest research examined how a growth mindset of interest can boost integrative thinking across the traditional disciplinary boundaries of arts and sciences.

For example, in one task, research participants were instructed to create new college majors by combining two or more existing academic Arts or Science programs at their university. After analyzing the ideas they generated, the team found that people with a growth mindset of interest were more likely to bridge programs across the arts and sciences to create new majors like computational economics rather than creating majors that drew from only one of those areas.

As Professor O'Keefe pointed out, “This research provides a useful direction for organizations whose products and services call for integrated and creative solutions. Take smartphones for example. You need not only computer science and engineering knowledge, but also an understanding of psychology and visual design to create a better product. Employees with a growth mindset may be more likely to devise innovative ideas that bridge multiple areas of knowledge to achieve better solutions.”

The benefits of a growth mindset of interest may also extend to those seeking employment. This is a pressing issue because many people are becoming unemployed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Having a growth mindset of interest can help job seekers expand their interests and become more adaptable to different fields, and take the initiative to learn new skills.

🎯 Questions 51-55

51. What does the author say about the world today?

A. It faces problems that are getting more varied and complicated.

B. It has done away with many of the traditional ways of thinking.

C. It is undergoing radical and profound changes.

D. It is witnessing various types of innovations.

52. What did Professor O'Keefe find in his earlier studies?

A. People's interests tend to change with age.

B. People's interests determine their mindsets.

C. People are divided about the nature of interest.

D. People of different ages have different mindsets.

53. What is the focus of Professor O'Keefe's recent research?

A. How boundaries can be removed between arts and science disciplines.

B. How feasible it is to create new disciplines like computational economics.

C. How students in arts and sciences view the two types of mindset of interest.

D. How a growth mindset of interest can contribute to cross-disciplinary thinking.

54. What does the author want to illustrate with the example of smartphones?

A. Hi-tech products are needed in interdisciplinary research.

B. Improved technology gives birth to highly popular products.

C. Making innovative products needs multidisciplinary knowledge.

D. Hi-tech products can boost people's integrative thinking.

55. What is the author's suggestion to those who are seeking employment?

A. Learning practical skills.

B. Broadening their interests.

C. Staying safe in the pandemic.

D. Knowing their pressing issues.

🔍答案与核心替换逻辑

👉 点击查看：两篇文章答案速查

Passage One: 46. C | 47. D | 48. B | 49. A | 50. D
Passage Two: 51. A | 52. C | 53. D | 54. C | 55. B

📝 点击查看：核心同义替换

Passage One:
46. C: Absence suggest lack of warmth = lack of touching might imply cold attitudes or indifference.
47. D: How close relationships are = Haptics... often suggest the level of intimacy.
48. B: Touching as cultural norm = tend to expect touching in social interactions.
49. A: Men show friendship in public = men can publicly hold hands... as signs of brotherhood.
50. D: Other people's preference = just ask for consent beforehand!

Passage Two:
51. A: More varied and complicated = increasingly complex and dynamic.
52. C: Divided about the nature of interest = people hold different beliefs (Growth vs Fixed).
53. D: Contribute to cross-disciplinary thinking = examined how a growth mindset... can boost integrative thinking across... boundaries.
54. C: Needs multidisciplinary knowledge = need not only computer science... but also psychology and visual design.
55. B: Broadening their interests = can help job seekers expand their interests.