Part B: Information Matching (2011)
Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government’s role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose “fat taxes” on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.
The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.
But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald’s.
They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain’s addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking.
“Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be,” said the leader of the UK’s children’s doctors.
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Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver’s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how “lecturing” people was not the best way to change their behaviour.
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Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. “If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes—by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sport events,” he said. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements” such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.
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Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.” He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones” around schools and hospitals—areas within which takeaways cannot open.
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A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new ‘responsibility deal’ with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.”
Matching Questions
41. Andrew Lansley held that
42. Terence Stephenson agreed that
43. Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that
44. Dinesh Bhugra suggested that
45. A Department of Health spokesperson proposed that
全文翻译
顶级医生今日就政府在促进公共健康方面的作用展开辩论，要求部长们对不健康食品征收"肥胖税"，并对儿童介绍类似香烟警示的关于不良饮食危害的警告。
这些要求是在上周卫生大臣安德鲁·兰斯利发表评论之后提出的，他坚称政府不能强迫人们做出健康选择，并承诺让企业免受公共健康法规的约束。
但资深医学界人士希望阻止快餐店在学校附近开设，限制高脂肪、高盐或高糖产品的广告，并限制麦当劳等快餐生产商对体育赛事的赞助。
他们认为，政府行动对于遏制英国对不健康食品的上瘾以及帮助阻止肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病发病率螺旋上升是必要的。皇家儿科与儿童健康学院院长特伦斯·斯蒂芬森教授说，消费不健康食品应该被视为与吸烟或过量饮酒一样有害。
"三十年前，想象在工作场所或酒吧禁止吸烟是不可想象的，但现在我们有了。我们愿意在肥胖问题上同样勇敢吗？我认为我们应该如此，"这位英国儿童医生的领导者说。
兰斯利表示他希望由行业而非政府来主导，这让健康运动人士感到警觉。他说，薯片和糖果制造商可以在Change4Life运动中发挥核心作用，这是政府努力促进健康饮食和健身的核心举措。他还批评了名厨杰米·奥利弗高调尝试改善英国学校午餐的做法，认为这是"说教"人们并非改变其行为的最佳方式的例子。
斯蒂芬森建议可能的限制包括禁止晚上9点前播放高脂肪、高盐或高糖食品的电视广告，以及限制其在广告牌或电影院的投放。他说："如果我们真的勇敢，甚至可能开始以看待香烟的方式看待高热量快餐——通过对广告、植入式营销和体育赛事赞助设定严格限制。"斯蒂芬森说，快餐连锁店还应停止提供玩具、可爱动物和手机话费等"引诱手段"来吸引年轻顾客。
皇家精神科医学院院长迪内什·布格拉教授说："如果儿童被告知食物对他们成长的影响，以及有些东西可能有害，至少信息是事先可得的。"他还敦促市政委员会在学校和医院周围设立"无快餐区域"——外卖店不能开业的区域。
卫生部发言人说："我们需要为公共健康创造一个新的愿景，全社会共同努力以实现健康和长寿。这包括与企业建立一种基于社会责任而非国家监管的新的'责任协议'。今年晚些时候，我们将发布白皮书，详细说明我们将如何实现这一目标。"
答案解析 (Answers & Explanations)
41. Andrew Lansley 对应 [E]
【解析】定位第6段。Andrew Lansley 表示他希望行业带头，指出：“manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign（薯片和糖果制造商可以在 Change4Life 运动中发挥核心作用）”。“play a central role” 对应选项 [E] 中的 “contribute significantly”。
42. Terence Stephenson 对应 [A] (注：此题部分参考资料标D，但官方逻辑通常对应开篇要求)
【解析】定位第1段和第4段。开篇提到“Leading doctors... demanding... impose ‘fat taxes’”。Stephenson 是这些医生的领导者（leader of the UK’s children’s doctors），他在第4段明确支持将不健康饮食视为和吸烟饮酒一样有害。虽然他也提到了香烟式警告，但根据考研命题通常对应人名首次出现或核心主张的规律，[A] 征收肥胖税是其代表的医生团体的核心诉求。 (注：若题目要求更具体的烟草对比，则选D，但在2011年真题逻辑中，Stephenson 常与要求政府采取激进行动挂钩)。
43. Jamie Oliver 对应 [C]
【解析】定位第6段末尾。文中提到 Lansley 批评 Jamie Oliver 的做法是一个“lecturing”人们并非改变行为最佳方式的例子。Lansley 批评 Oliver “说教（lecturing）”，说明 Oliver 本人采取并相信这种方式。因此 Oliver “似乎认为”说教是有效的。对应选项 [C]。
44. Dinesh Bhugra 对应 [B]
【解析】定位第10段。Dinesh Bhugra 明确敦促：“impose ‘fast-food-free zones’ around schools and hospitals”。选项 [B] 中的 “ban fast-food outlets in the neighborhood of schools（在学校附近禁止快餐店）” 是对这句话的完美同义替换。
45. 发言人 对应 [G]
【解析】定位倒数第2段。卫生部发言人提到需要创造一个“new ‘responsibility deal’ with business, built on social responsibility”。这对应选项 [G]：“政府应该加强企业的责任感”。
【干扰项排除】
[D] 烟草式警告：虽然文中医生提到了，但通常作为辅助论据。
[F] 父母应树立榜样：文中未提及此观点。