Section A: Banked Cloze

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

善意想法与心理健康

Thinking kind thoughts about yourself and your loved ones can prove beneficial for your overall wellbeing, empirical evidence has shown. Researchers carried out an investigation to explore the (26) ______ between having kind thoughts and a person’s psychological state.

For the study, five groups of participants were presented with a different set of audio instructions, some of which encouraged the participants to think (27) ______ about themselves and others which persuaded them to think in a self-critical manner. After listening to the audio instructions, the participants were asked to answer a series of questions. These included whether they felt agitated, how likely they were to show kindness to themselves and how (28) ______ they felt to other individuals.

The participants who were instructed to think kindly about themselves were more likely to exhibit a bodily response associated with being relaxed and feeling safe. Their heart rates also dropped, which is a healthy sign of a heart that can respond flexibly to situations. Yet, (29) ______ , those who listened to the critical audio clips were noted as having a higher heart rate and sweat response afterwards, both of which (30) ______ feelings of threat and distress.

Having the ability to switch off the body’s natural threat response can (31) ______ a person’s immune system. This, in turn, gives them a greater likelihood of recovering quickly from illness. These findings help us to further understand some of our clinical trials research findings, where we show that individuals with (32) ______ depression benefit particularly from self-awareness-based (33) ______ therapy. They essentially learn to become more sympathetic to themselves.

The sense is that for people (34) ______ to depression, meeting their negative thoughts and feelings with (35) ______ is a radically different way; that these thoughts are not facts. It introduces a different way of being and knowing that is quite transformative for many people.

A) adversely

B) amiably

C) boost

D) cognitive

E) compassion

F) connected

G) correlation

H) fascinated

I) indignantly

J) insulation

K) lavish

L) prone

M) recurrent

N) signify

O) surpass

Answers & Explanations (答案与解析)

Section A: Banked Cloze

26. G (correlation)。解析：空格在冠词 the 之后，介词 between 之前，需要填入名词。explore the correlation between A and B 是固定搭配，意为“探索 A 和 B 之间的相关性”。因此填入 correlation。

27. B (amiably)。解析：空格在动词 think 之后，需要填入副词修饰思考的方式。后半句形成对比：“others which persuaded them to think in a self-critical manner (其他人被劝说以自我批评的方式思考)”，因此前半句应是“亲切地、和蔼地思考”。填入 amiably 符合语境。

28. F (connected)。解析：空格在 how 之后，构成宾语从句的引导词，且与后面的介词 to 搭配。feel connected to 意为“感觉与...相连/亲近”。句意：他们对其他人的感觉有多“亲近”。因此填入 connected。

29. A (adversely)。解析：空格前后有逗号，修饰整个句子。前一段讲述了对自己有善意想法的人心率下降，是健康的标志。Yet 表示转折，后半句描述听了批评性音频的人心率和出汗反应升高。这里需要一个表示“相反地”的副词。adversely (不利地，逆向地) 虽略显生硬，但在所有选项中，只有它能作副词表达与前文相对的负面情况。

30. N (signify)。解析：空格所在句 both of which ______ feelings... 中，both of which 是主语，需要填入谓语动词复数形式（或原形）。句意：心率升高和出汗反应，这两者都“意味/表示”着受到威胁和痛苦的感觉。因此填入 signify。

31. C (boost)。解析：空格在情态动词 can 之后，需要动词原形。句意：关闭身体自然威胁反应的能力可以“提升/促进”一个人的免疫系统。因此填入 boost。

32. M (recurrent)。解析：空格修饰名词 depression (抑郁症)，需要形容词。recurrent depression 为医学术语，意为“复发性抑郁症”。因此填入 recurrent。

33. D (cognitive)。解析：空格在形容词 self-awareness-based 之后，共同修饰名词 therapy (疗法)。cognitive therapy (认知疗法) 是心理学中的常见术语。因此填入 cognitive。

34. L (prone)。解析：空格在 people 之后，后接 to depression。be prone to sth. 是固定搭配，意为“倾向于...，易于遭受...”。这里是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰 people，意为“易患抑郁症的人”。因此填入 prone。

35. E (compassion)。解析：空格在介词 with 之后，需要名词。句意：用“同情/怜悯”来应对（meeting）他们的负面想法和感受。因此填入 compassion。

【核心搭配与亮点句型】

explore the correlation between...：探索...之间的相关性

feel connected to：感到与...有联系/亲近

switch off：关闭，切断（switch off the body’s natural threat response）

recurrent depression：复发性抑郁症

cognitive therapy：认知疗法

be prone to：倾向于...，易患...（people prone to depression）

meet... with...：以...应对...（meeting their negative thoughts and feelings with compassion）

全文翻译

经验证据表明，对自己和所爱之人抱有善意的想法对你的整体身心健康有益。研究人员开展了一项调查，以探究抱有善意想法与一个人的心理状态之间的关联。

在这项研究中，五组参与者分别接受了一套不同的音频指导，其中一些鼓励参与者以善意的方式思考自己和他人，另一些则引导他们以自我批评的方式思考。听完音频指导后，参与者被要求回答一系列问题。这些问题包括他们是否感到焦虑不安、他们对自己表现出善意的可能性有多大，以及他们感觉与其他人的联系有多紧密。

那些被要求以善意方式思考自己的参与者更有可能表现出与放松和安全感相关的身体反应。他们的心率也下降了，这是心脏能够灵活应对情况的健康标志。然而，形成鲜明对比的是，那些听了批评性音频片段的参与者被注意到随后心率更高、出汗反应更强，这两者都表明感受到了威胁和痛苦的信号。

能够关闭身体的自然威胁反应可以增强一个人的免疫系统。这反过来又使他们更有可能从疾病中快速恢复。这些发现帮助我们进一步理解我们的一些临床试验研究发现，在这些发现中我们展示了患有复发性抑郁症的个体尤其能从基于自我觉察的认知治疗中获益。他们本质上学会了对自己更加富有同情心。

这意味着，对于容易陷入抑郁的人来说，用同情心来应对他们的负面想法和感受是一种截然不同的方式；这些想法不是事实。它引入了一种不同的存在和认知方式，对许多人来说是非常具有转变性的。