Part B: Ordering Utterances (2011)
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Answer Sheet
答案解析 (Answers & Analysis)
[G] 固定位 (首段)。 G段引出了本书的作者 Louis Menand 及其著作 The Marketplace of Ideas,为全文定下了讨论美国大学教育现状的基调。
41. [B] 代词指代衔接。 G段末尾介绍了 Louis Menand,B段首句直接以 “His concern is mainly with the humanities” 开头,His 完美指代 Louis Menand。同时,B段指出了人文学科(humanities)遇冷的现状,并提出大学在“通识教育(general education)”上面临的共识困难。
42. [D] 核心词汇复现。 B段末尾提到难以在通识教育上达成一致。D段首句立刻回应:“One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that...”。D段解释了通识教育(liberal-arts education)和专业教育(professional education)被强行分离(kept separate)是导致课程设计困难的原因。
[E] 固定位。 E段首句 “Besides professionalising the professions by this separation...” 中的 this separation 完美承接D段提到的 kept separate。E段进一步指出,大学不仅将职业专业化,也将教授(professor)专业化,并把获取博士学位作为门槛。
43. [A] 概念延伸与例子。 E段提到了博士学位(doctoral degree)和专业化(professionalism)。A段首句紧接着指出:“No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities(没有人文学科对专业化如此狂热)”。接着,A段用获取人文学科博士学位需要9年,且有一半人退学(drop out)的例子来支撑这一观点。
44. [C] 逻辑副词呼应。 A段末尾提到,读人文博士的人有一半会退学(Not surprisingly... half... drop out)。C段首句紧跟:“Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships...(同样不令人惊讶的是,只有大约一半的人最终获得了教授职位)”。Not surprisingly 和 Equally unsurprisingly 构成了完美的并列排比逻辑,指出了人文学科博士出路狭窄的惨状。
45. [F] 总结全文。 经过前面各段对大学教育和博士培养制度的分析,F段作为全文总结,首句借 Menand 先生之口得出结论:“The key to reforming higher education... is to alter the way in which the producers of knowledge are produced.”,呼吁改革知识生产者的培养方式。这也是典型的书评总结段落。