汉译英 (Translation) - 青藏铁路
▍ 原题展示
青藏铁路是世界上最高最长的高原铁路，全长1956公里，其中有960公里在海拔4000多米之上，是连接西藏和中国其他地区的第一条铁路。由于铁路穿越世界上最脆弱的生态系统，在建设期间和建成后都采取了生态保护措施，以确保其成为一条“绿色铁路”。青藏铁路大大缩短了去往西藏的旅行时间。更重要的是，它极大地促进了西藏的经济发展，改善了当地居民的生活。铁路开通后，愈来愈多的人选择乘火车前往西藏，这样还有机会欣赏沿线的美景。
▍ 逐句翻译训练 (点击中文句子查看英文)
1. 青藏铁路是世界上最高最长的高原铁路，全长1956公里，其中有960公里在海拔4000多米之上，是连接西藏和中国其他地区的第一条铁路。
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the highest and longest plateau railway in the world. With a total length of 1,956 kilometers, 960 kilometers of which are at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters, it is the first railway connecting Tibet with other parts of China.
2. 由于铁路穿越世界上最脆弱的生态系统，在建设期间和建成后都采取了生态保护措施，以确保其成为一条“绿色铁路”。
As the railway runs through the world's most fragile ecosystem, ecological protection measures have been taken both during and after its construction to ensure that it becomes a 'green railway'.
3. 青藏铁路大大缩短了去往西藏的旅行时间。
The railway has greatly shortened the travel time to Tibet.
4. 更重要的是，它极大地促进了西藏的经济发展，改善了当地居民的生活。
More importantly, it has significantly promoted the economic development of Tibet and improved the lives of local residents.
5. 铁路开通后，愈来愈多的人选择乘火车前往西藏，这样还有机会欣赏沿线的美景。
Since the opening of the railway, an increasing number of people have chosen to travel to Tibet by train, as this gives them the opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery along the route.
▍ 核心句型解析
1. “介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句
句型：
解析：原文“其中有960公里...”在英语中如果不断句，通常处理为非限制性定语从句，译为
句型：
..., 数量 + of which + 谓语...解析：原文“其中有960公里...”在英语中如果不断句，通常处理为非限制性定语从句，译为
..., 960 kilometers of which are at an altitude of...，这种结构非常紧凑高级。 2. 现在分词作后置定语
句型：
解析：原文“连接西藏和中国其他地区的第一条铁路”，可以译为
句型：
Noun + doing sth.解析：原文“连接西藏和中国其他地区的第一条铁路”，可以译为
the first railway connecting Tibet with...，使用现在分词 connecting 作后置定语修饰 railway，相当于定语从句 that connects 的简写形式。 3. As 引导原因状语从句
句型：
解析：原文“由于铁路穿越...”，译为
句型：
As / Since + 从句，主句.解析：原文“由于铁路穿越...”，译为
As the railway runs through...。这里 As 或 Since 引导原因状语从句，比 Because 更强调显而易见的原因或作为背景的铺垫。 4. 被动语态的现在完成时
句型：
解析：原文“都采取了生态保护措施”，为了强调“措施”本身（动作的承受者），采用被动语态
句型：
have/has been + 过去分词解析：原文“都采取了生态保护措施”，为了强调“措施”本身（动作的承受者），采用被动语态
ecological protection measures have been taken，时态上用现在完成时表示动作对现在的影响。 ▍ 核心词汇积累
plateau railway [名词短语] 高原铁路 (plateau 高原)
altitude [n.] 海拔 (at an altitude of... 在...的海拔)
fragile ecosystem [名词短语] 脆弱的生态系统 (fragile 易碎的，脆弱的)
ecological protection measures [名词短语] 生态保护措施
take measures [动词短语] 采取措施
ensure [v.] 确保，保证 (ensure that... 确保...)
significantly [adv.] 极大地，显著地 (可以用来替换 greatly 或 highly)
an increasing number of... [短语] 越来越多（的）... (比 more and more 更正式)
opportunity [n.] 机会 (give sb. the opportunity to do sth. 给某人做...的机会)
▍ 完整参考译文
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the highest and longest plateau railway in the world. With a total length of 1,956 kilometers, 960 kilometers of which are at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters, it is the first railway connecting Tibet with other parts of China. As the railway runs through the world's most fragile ecosystem, ecological protection measures have been taken both during and after its construction to ensure that it becomes a 'green railway'. The railway has greatly shortened the travel time to Tibet. More importantly, it has significantly promoted the economic development of Tibet and improved the lives of local residents. Since the opening of the railway, an increasing number of people have chosen to travel to Tibet by train, as this gives them the opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery along the route.