Part B: Information Matching (2022)
Directions: Read the following comments on an article titled "The Case Against Zoos" by Emma Marris and a list of statements summarizing the comments. Choose the best statement from the list A-G for each numbered name (41-45). There are two extra choices which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
41. Teri Byrd
I was a zoo and wildlife park employee for years. Both the wildlife park and zoo claimed to be operating for the benefit of the animals and for conservation purposes. This claim was false. Neither one of them actually participated in any contributions to animal research or conservation. They are profitable institutions whose bottom line is much more important than the condition of the animals. Animals despise being captives in zoos. No matter how you enhance enclosures, they do not allow for freedom, a natural diet or adequate exercise. Animals end up stressed and unhealthy or dead. It is past time for transparency with these institutions, and it is past time to eliminate zoos from our culture.
42. Karen R. Sime
As a zoology professor, I agree with Emma Marris that zoo displays can be sad and cruel. But she underestimates the educational value of zoos. The zoology program at my university attracts students for whom zoo visits were the crucial formative experience that led them to major in biological sciences. These are mostly students who had no opportunity as children to travel to wilderness areas, wildlife refuges or national parks. Although good TV shows can help stir children’s interest in conservation, they cannot replace the excitement of a zoo visit as an intense, immersive and interactive experience. Surely there must be some middle ground that balances zoos treatment of animals with their educational potential.
43. Greg Newberry
Emma Marris article is an insult and a disservice to the thousands of passionate, dedicated people who work tirelessly to improve the lives of animals and protect our planet. She uses outdated research and decades-old examples to undermine the noble mission of organizations committed to connecting children to a world beyond their own. Zoos are at the forefront of conservation and constantly evolving to improve how they care for animals and protect each species in its natural habitat. Are there tragedies? Of course. But they are the exception, not the norm that Ms. Marris implies. A distressed animal in a zoo will get as good or better treatment than most of us at our local hospital.
44. Dean Gallea
As a fellow environmentalist, animal-protection advocate and longtime vegetarian, I could properly be in the same camp as Emma Marris on the issue of zoos. But I believe that well-run zoos, and the heroic animals that suffer their captivity, do serve a higher purpose. Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful, wild creatures close to home, many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out, disturb and even hunt them down. Zoos are, in that sense, similar to natural history and archeology museums, serving to satisfy our need for contact with these living creatures while leaving the vast majority undisturbed in their natural environments.
45. John Fraser
Emma Marris selectively describes and misrepresents the findings of our research. Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature, and the data points extracted from our studies do not, in any way, discount what is learned in a zoo visit. Zoos are tools for thinking. Our research provides strong support for the value of zoos in connecting people with animals and with nature. Zoos provide a critical voice for conservation and environmental protection. They afford an opportunity for people from all backgrounds to encounter a range of animals, from drone bees to springbok or salmon, to better understand the natural world we live in.
Options
答案速查 (Answer Sheet)
答案解析 (Answers & Analysis)
41. Teri Byrd 对应 [F]
【定位】Teri指出动物园声称为了动物利益是“虚假的（false）”。强调动物园是“盈利机构（profitable institutions）”，且“赚钱底线比动物状况重要”。最后呼吁“消除动物园（eliminate zoos）”。对应[F]：因为优先赚钱而应该被关闭。
42. Karen R. Sime 对应 [C]
【定位】关键词：biological sciences。Karen认为动物园有“教育价值（educational value）”，许多学生因为参观动物园而“主修生物科学（major in biological sciences）”。对应[C]：在开启年轻人相关科学道路上发挥重要作用。
43. Greg Newberry 对应 [A]
【定位】关键词：insult / disservice。Greg认为Marris的文章是对奉献者的“侮辱（insult）”，并强调动物园在保护动物方面处于前沿，且动物在园内得到的治疗比人在医院还好。对应[A]：动物园不遗余力照顾动物，不应受到不公平批评。
44. Dean Gallea 对应 [D]
【定位】关键词：travel to wild areas。Dean认为如果没有动物园，更多人会为了好奇心而“去野外地区旅行并干扰动物（travel to wild areas to seek out, disturb）”。对应[D]：动物园节省了人们去野外旅行的麻烦，从而有助于野生动物保护。
45. John Fraser 对应 [G]
【定位】关键词：misrepresents / connecting。John批评Marris“歪曲（misrepresents）”了他们的研究结果，并强调研究支持动物园在“人与动物、人与自然的连接（connecting people with animals and with nature）”方面的价值。对应[G]：歪曲发现，实际上证明了动物园是人与自然之间不可缺少的纽带。
全文翻译
[A] 2009 年，《时代》杂志将在线购物网站 Zappos.com 评为有史以来最伟大的发明之一。同年，Zappos 的首席执行官谢家华向公众介绍了他的经营和领导风格，他与员工和其他人分享的核心价值观之一就是：拥抱并驱动变革。
[B] 但如今，这些理论似乎已经过时。Zappos 被亚马逊收购，其远见卓识的首席执行官也已离世。而随着这种变化的消失，对于比你能想象的更多的人来说，一切都断裂了。但你的情况并非如此。你找到了逃避的方法。
[C] 那么，有没有可能为生活的每一个领域都准备一个逃生箱呢？在互联网论坛帖子中，人们分享了"打破坏习惯"的逃生箱，如沉迷于电子游戏或在 Netflix 上刷剧。这些帖子中的大多数描述的不是为了最大化工作而设计的生产力箱，而是为了保持专注所必需的休息时间。
[D] 2019 年 4 月，《濒危物种研究》杂志上的一篇论文说，数字也可以代表物种。我注意到人们在室内花的时间比以前越来越多。但在这篇论文中，同样的物种——"人类存在"——被认为是最不濒危的物种。
[E] 2020 年，哈佛大学的研究人员发现，许多年轻人经常讨论他们如何逃离数字技术的需求。最终这种交流被封装在一个短语中：互联网审美。"互联网审美"，他们说，指的是一种视觉风格，它传达了一种从日常生活的平凡中逃脱出来的感觉。它可能是一张海滩的照片，或一只穿着冬装的狗，或其他任何东西。在这个巨大的存在中，你觉得自己在逃离。
[F] 我们对生产力的痴迷已经变得适得其反。对生产力下降的恐惧是对失败的恐惧。但正如哲学家强调的那样，我们需要认识到自己人性的局限性——并接受失败可能是其的一部分。