Part C: Translation (2020)

Part 1: Full Text (Click to Translate)

Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) With the Churchs teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories. 

During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. 

(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born. 

The Churchs long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. (49) As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era - the Age of Reason. 

The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase sapere aude or dare to know, after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge. 

Part 2: Sentence Translation (Click to Expand)

(46)With the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.▶

随着教会的教义和思维方式被文艺复兴所黯然失色（或：被文艺复兴盖过风头），中世纪和现代时期之间的鸿沟已经被跨越，从而通向了新的、未曾探索过的知识领域。

(47)Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.▶

在他们每一次的启示（发现）之前，当时的许多思想家都维持着更为古老的思维方式，包括地球是我们宇宙中心的“地心说”。

(48)Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.▶

尽管教会试图镇压新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，但关于宇宙如何运作的更多解释正以人们再也无法忽视的速度被提出。

(49)As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era - the Age of Reason.▶

随着许多人承担起试图将推理和科学哲学融入世界的责任，文艺复兴结束了，一个新的时代——理性时代——到来了。

(50)Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase “sapere aude” or ‘dare to know’, after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?”.▶

这些寻求知识并理解我们已知信息的行动，被拉丁语短语“sapere aude”（或“敢于求知”）所概括，在此之前伊曼努尔·康德曾在其散文《答复这个问题：什么是启蒙运动？》中使用过该短语。

Part 3: Syntax Analysis (难点句型剖析)

(46) 句型拆解：独立主格结构与分词作状语
句首的 With the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed... 是一个由 With 引导的复合结构（独立主格），作原因或伴随状语。主干为 the gap... had been bridged。逗号后的 leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示“导致/通向...”。

(47) 句型拆解：同位语从句与介词短语
主干为 many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking。逗号后的 including the geocentric view 为介词短语，作为补充说明。而在 view 之后，跟了一个 that the Earth was at the centre of our universe 的从句，这是一个同位语从句，用于解释“地心说”的具体内容。

(48) 句型拆解：让步状语与定语从句
句首是 Despite attempts by the Church to suppress... 构成的让步状语。主句使用了被动语态的过去进行时：more explanations... were being made（更多解释正在被做出）。其后接了一个表示程度/速度的介词短语 at a rate，而 rate 后面又紧跟了一个 that the people could no longer ignore 的定语从句，修饰先行词 rate。

(49) 句型拆解：时间/原因状语从句与并列句
句首 As 引导状语从句：As many took on the duty of trying to integrate...（随着/因为许多人承担起试图将...融入的责任）。主句是由 and 连接的两个并列句：一是 the Renaissance was over，二是 it was time for a new era（破折号后 the Age of Reason 是新时代的同位语）。

(50) 句型拆解：被动语态与时间状语从句
主干为 Such actions... were captured by the Latin phrase...（这些行动被拉丁语短语概括）。主语 actions 后面接了两个并列的不定式短语 to seek knowledge and to understand... 作后置定语。在 dare to know 之后，是一个由 after 引导的时间状语从句 after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay...，交代了该短语出名的背景。