Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic, such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Heres what hard science reveals about eye contact:
41. ___________________
We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking at someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room. “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.
42. ___________________
Neuroscientist Bonnie Auyeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researchers, using advanced methods of brain scanning.
43. ___________________
With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. “Whether you’re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson.
44. ___________________
When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.
45. ___________________
In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.” A more direct finding is that people who scored highly for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.
Options
答案速查 (Answer Sheet)
逐段匹配解析 (Analysis)
41. 对应 [C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal.
【定位】段落描述了婴儿与母亲的相互注视（mutual gaze）以及社交中礼貌地关注他人的表现。文中提到这是一种“褒奖式的关注（complimentary sign of paying attention）”。关键词 friendly 与文中 pleasant way 呼应。
42. 对应 [E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated.
【定位】段落讨论了 hormone oxytocin（催产素）对目光接触的影响，并提到 specific brain regions（特定大脑区域）正在被探索。这些均属于 biological factors（生物学因素）。
43. 对应 [G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.
【定位】段落指出眼神接触可能意味着 dominance or intimidation（支配或恐吓），尤其在 adversarial situations（敌对情况）中。这对应 aggressive（侵略性的/挑衅的）。
44. 对应 [A] Eye fixations are brief.
【定位】段落详细解释了注视（pause/fixation）的过程。文中明确提到这种停顿 typically occur at about three per second（通常每秒三次），说明注视是非常 brief（短暂的）。
45. 对应 [D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact.
【定位】段落研究了在 neuroticism（神经质）测试中得分高的人（即具有特定 personality 的人）对眼神接触的反应，发现其大脑反应与常人不同。
全文翻译
[A] 傍晚时分——有人可能称之为"下班后的黑暗时刻"——许多女性都在庆祝一个事实，即她们曾经反抗和活跃的眉毛能乖乖地待在原地。阿什利是一位 30 岁的女士，她说，她在大约五年前意识到自己的工作日程会如何影响自己的美容日程时，放弃了修眉毛。"周末的我会修眉，但工作日的我会上粉底。然后周末的我会被刮眉毛吓到，我不禁想，如果我周一让别人看到我这个样子，他们会怎么看我？" 她说到，她不做眉毛了。
[B] 眼睛不仅是心灵的窗户，它们也是了解你的年龄的窗口。当我们和美容师艾米莉·李沟通时，她指出，女性在纹眉毛后通常会看起来更年轻，因为突出眉毛会年轻化整个面部。该行业中没有什么比这更大或更重要的趋势了。无论我们如何战斗，"眉毛时刻"是你无法避免的。这是社交媒体时代的标志。
[C] 在某种程度上，眉权运动是女性面部毛发长期历史的一部分。考虑到追求完美的眉毛已经折磨女性几个世纪了：在文艺复兴时期，女性刮掉眉毛的整个部分，这一点从蒙娜丽莎身上可以看出。在 18 世纪意大利，女性用松鼠毛做的假眉毛来完善自己的容貌。随着每一个时尚周期的更迭，对完美眉毛的追求一直在演变。这绝对是我们所有疯狂行为中最新潮的一种——但肯定不是最疯狂的。
[D] 好吧，我几乎从来不化妆了，所以我对生活中眉毛的存在已经相对麻木了。通常我不会化妆出门。我想，我会涂一点口红，然后就出门了。我非常关注眉毛，如果我的眉毛没有画，我不会出门。
[E] 考虑到这一现象有多普遍，我们假设你还没有接受眉毛填充——以下是如何跟上时代步伐。重要的是要用眉刷把眉毛梳好，至少要用眉胶把眉毛固定好。即使你不使用任何其他产品，也要确保你定期修剪和打理眉毛。
[F] 关于眉毛的对话可能令人担忧，因为我们不仅在与衰老作斗争，还在与致命危机作斗争。眉毛的改变和衰老可能会导致你的自尊心下降。但没有任何研究表明你的眉毛有多少颜色对你生活的任何方面有实质性的影响。我们应该少花点时间盯着镜子，多花点时间去感受美好。
[G] 眉毛微整形和线雕的巨大增长改变了我们对手艺选择的态度。如今，我们更关注结果而不是过程，一位美容师每周为大约 60 名女性做线雕。随着消费的增长，我们正在重新定义我们愿意在美容上花费的时间和金钱。所有这些对眉毛的痴迷似乎是毫无意义的，但它确实很重要。