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Part C: Translation (2013)

Part 1: Full Text (Click to Translate)

It is speculated that gardens arise from basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is basic human urge; (46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. 
One of these urges has to do with creating state of peace in the midst of turbulence, "still point of the turning world," to borrow phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47) sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is state of mind made possible by the structuring of ones relation to ones environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didnt exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand. 
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give in to demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in "liberated" sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia yearning for contact with nonhuman life assuming uncanny representational forms. 

Part 2: Sentence Translation (Click to Expand)

(46)yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
(47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.
(48)The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such.
(49)most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.
(50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in a "liberated" sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.

Part 3: Syntax Analysis (难点句型剖析)

(46) 句型拆解:形式主语与从句嵌套
主干为 it strikes one that...(这让人突然想到...),其中 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句。从句中包含了一个让步状语 for all their diversity of styles(尽管它们的风格具有多样性)。beyond that of... 中的 that 指代前面的 urge(冲动)。

(47) 句型拆解:让步状语从句与对比结构
主干为 A sacred place... is a distinctly human need。中间插入了 however crude it may be,这是 however 引导的让步状语从句(无论它可能多么简陋)。as opposed to shelter 意为“与住所形成对比”。which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰 shelter。

(48) 句型拆解:双重定语从句
主干为 The gardens... introduce form into an urban environment。主语后由 which 引导非限制性定语从句补充说明花园的性质。where 引导定语从句修饰 urban environment。as such 在此意为“就其本身而言/作为这种事物”。

(49) 句型拆解:词组搭配与时间状语从句
主干为 most of us give in to a demoralization... until...give in to 意为“屈服于”。which 引导定语从句修饰 demoralization。until 引导时间状语从句。从句中的 as if by magic 意为“像被施了魔法一样/奇迹般地”。

(50) 句型拆解:强调句型与插入语
使用了 It is... that... 的强调句型,被强调的部分是 this implicit or explicit reference to nature(这种对自然含蓄或明确的提及)。justifies 意为“证明...是正当的”。though in a "liberated" sense 作为插入语,意为“尽管是在一种被解放的(宽泛的)意义上”。

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