Use of English (2010)
The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic [1] by the World Health Organization in 41 years.
The heightened alert [2] an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled, after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising [3] in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.
But the epidemic is “[4]” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, [5] the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the [6] of any medical treatment.
The outbreak came to global [7] in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths [8] healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to [9] in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.
In the United States, new cases seemed to fade [10] warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was [11] flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the [12] tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has [13] more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.
Federal health officials [14] Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began [15] orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is [16] ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those [17] doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not [18] for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other [19]. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people [20] infants and healthy young people.
全文翻译
2009年6月11日，首次在墨西哥发现的猪流感疫情被宣布为全球流行病。这是世界卫生组织41年来宣布的第一起全球性流行病。
在澳大利亚病例急剧增加以及英国、日本、智利和其他地方病例不断上升之后，日内瓦召开的流感专家紧急会议引发了高度警戒状态。
但根据该组织总干事陈冯富珍的说法，这次疫情在严重程度上是"温和的"，绝大多数患者只出现轻微症状并完全康复，通常无需任何医疗治疗。
这次疫情在2009年4月底引起了全球关注，当时墨西哥当局注意到健康成年人中出现了异常大量的住院和死亡病例。在恐慌高峰期，墨西哥城大部分地区关闭，病例开始在纽约市、美国西南部和世界各地出现。
在美国，随着天气转暖，新病例似乎逐渐减少。但在2009年9月底，官员报告称几乎每个州都有显著的流感活动，且几乎所有检测的样本都是新型猪流感，也称为甲型H1N1，而不是季节性流感。在美国，它已感染了超过一百万人，导致600多人死亡和6000多人住院。
联邦卫生官员从国家储备中发放了用于儿童的达菲，并开始接收各州对新猪流感疫苗的订单。这种新疫苗与年度流感疫苗不同，其生产进度超出了预期。2009年10月初将有超过300万剂疫苗可供使用，不过其中大多数初期剂量是FluMist鼻喷雾型，不适合孕妇、50岁以上人群或有呼吸困难、心脏病或其他几种病症的人。但仍然可以为其他高风险群体接种：医护人员、照顾婴儿的人以及健康的年轻人。
答案解析 (Detailed Analysis)
- 1. [D] designated. 考查动词辨析。WHO作为一个权威组织，对疫情的性质进行“认定/定性（designated）”。其他词如批评、任命、评论均不符语境。
- 2. [D] prompted. 考查动词语义。病例的急剧上升“促使/激发（prompted）”了紧急会议的召开。
- 3. [B] numbers. 考查名词用法。rising numbers 意为“不断上升的（病例）人数”。
- 4. [A] moderate. 考查语义逻辑。后文提到“大多数患者仅表现轻微症状”，说明严重程度是“温和/适中的（moderate）”。
- 5. [A] with. 考查语法结构。with + n. + v-ing 构成独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语，补充说明疫情温和的表现。
- 6. [B] absence. 考查固定短语。in the absence of 意为“在缺乏...的情况下”，指患者无需治疗即可自愈。
- 7. [D] notice. 考查名词短语。come to notice 意为“引起注意/被察觉”。
- 8. [C] among. 考查介词。among healthy adults 意为“在健康成年人当中”。
- 9. [B] crop up. 考查短语动词。crop up 意为“突然出现”，常用于形容问题、病例等。
- 10. [A] as. 考查连词逻辑。随着（as）天气转暖，病例开始减少。
- 11. [C] significant. 考查形容词。形容流感活动是“显著的/重大的（significant）”。
- 12. [D] samples. 考查名词语境。指实验室测试的“样本（samples）”。
- 13. [D] infected. 考查医学动词。infect 意为“感染（...人）”。
- 14. [A] released. 考查动词用法。从国家库存中“发放/释放（released）”药物。
- 15. [C] taking. 考查固定搭配。take orders 意为“接受订单/订购”。
- 16. [B] available. 考查语义。疫苗已经变得“可以获得/可用的（available）”。
- 17. [D] initial. 考查形容词。指第一批“最初的（initial）”剂量。
- 18. [C] recommended. 考查专业语境。在医学建议中，常使用“不被推荐给（not recommended for）”。
- 19. [A] problems. 考查名词辨析。breathing difficulties 和 heart disease 统称为 health problems。
- 20. [B] caring for. 考查短语辨析。caring for infants 指“照看/护理婴儿的人”。
核心长难句精解 (High-Light)
1. 伴随状语与介词短语：
"But the epidemic is “moderate” in severity... with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms..."
【解析】with + 名词 + 分词 构成的复合结构作伴随状语，解释了为什么流感被定性为“适度的（moderate）”：因为绝大多数患者症状轻微且能康复。
"But the epidemic is “moderate” in severity... with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms..."
【解析】with + 名词 + 分词 构成的复合结构作伴随状语，解释了为什么流感被定性为“适度的（moderate）”：因为绝大多数患者症状轻微且能康复。
2. 非限制性定语从句：
"...most of those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women..."
【解析】which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“鼻喷雾型疫苗”，指出其禁忌人群。recommended（推荐）是医疗场景中的高频词。
"...most of those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women..."
【解析】which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“鼻喷雾型疫苗”，指出其禁忌人群。recommended（推荐）是医疗场景中的高频词。