Section A: Banked Cloze
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
When my son completes a task, I can't help but praise him. It's only natural to give praise where praise is due, right? But is there such a thing as too much praise?
According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don't benefit from (26) ______ praise as much as we'd like to think. “Parents often praise, believing they are building their child's self-confidence. However, over-praising can have a (27) ______ effect,” says Phillip. “When we use the same praise (28) ______, it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be (29) ______ with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of (30) ______ their parents.”
Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no. “The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the (31) ______. It is the recognition of a child's attempt, or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential,” she says. “Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”
So how do we break the (32) ______ of praise we're all so accustomed to? Phillip says it's important to (33) ______ between “person praise” and “process praise.” “Person praise is (34) ______ saying how great someone is. It's a form of personal approval. Process praise is acknowledgement of the efforts the person has just (35) ______. Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,” says Phillip.
Word Bank
Answers & Explanations
26. B (constant)。解析：修饰名词 praise，需填形容词。意为孩子并不会像我们想象中那样从“不断的”表扬中获益。
27. G (negative)。解析：位于冠词 a 和名词 effect 之间，需填形容词。由 However 转折可知，过度表扬会有“负面的”效果。
28. K (repeatedly)。解析：修饰动词 use，需填副词。意为“重复地”使用同样的表扬词。
29. L (rewarded)。解析：位于 must be 之后，填过去分词构成被动。意为孩子会期望做的任何事都必须被表扬所“奖赏/回报”。
30. C (disappointing)。解析：位于 fear of 之后，填动名词作宾语。意为害怕“让父母失望”。
31. H (outcome)。解析：与 process (过程) 相对，填名词。意为关注过程而非“结果”。
32. I (pattern)。解析：位于 break the 之后，填名词。意为打破我们早已习惯的表扬“模式”。
33. D (distinguish)。解析：位于 it's important to 之后，填动词原形。固定搭配 distinguish between A and B 意为“区分”A和B。
34. N (simply)。解析：修饰动词 saying，填副词。意为“人格表扬”即“仅仅是”说某人有多棒。
35. O (undertaken)。解析：位于 has just 之后，填过去分词。undertake efforts 意为“做出努力”。
全文翻译
当我的儿子完成一项任务时，我忍不住要表扬他。在值得表扬时给予表扬是很自然的事，对吧？但是否存在表扬过度的问题呢？根据心理学家Katherine Phillip的说法，孩子们从过度表扬中获得的益处并不像我们想象的那么多。"父母经常表扬，认为他们是在建立孩子的自信心。然而，过度表扬可能会产生相反的效果，"Phillip说。"当我们反复使用同样的表扬方式时，它可能会变得空洞，不再被孩子重视。它还可能成为一种期望，即他们做的任何事情都必须得到表扬作为回报。这可能导致孩子因为害怕让父母失望而避免冒险。"这是否意味着我们应该摒弃所有的表扬？Phillip说不是。"健康表扬的关键是关注过程而非结果。认可孩子的尝试，或者他们取得成就的过程，才是至关重要的，"她说。"父母应该鼓励孩子去冒学习和成长所需的风险。"那么，我们如何打破我们都习以为常的表扬模式呢？Phillip说，区分"对人的表扬"和"对过程的表扬"很重要。"对人的表扬是简单地说某人有多棒。这是一种个人认可。对过程的表扬是对这个人刚刚付出的努力的认可。接受对人表扬的孩子在失败后更可能感到羞耻，"Phillip说。📚 核心搭配与高分句型
【核心搭配与高频短语】
- can't help but do sth.：忍不住做某事（I can't help but praise him.）
- give praise where praise is due：该表扬时就表扬 / 实事求是地赞美
- benefit from：从...中受益
- have a negative effect：产生负面影响
- lead to (doing) sth.：导致（lead to the child avoiding taking risks）
- do away with：废除，消除，取消（should we do away with all the praise?）
- focus on... rather than...：关注...而不是...
- be accustomed to：习惯于
- distinguish between A and B：区分A和B
- be likely to do sth.：更有可能做某事
【亮点句型解析】
- It is + adj. + to do sth. 句型：
"It's only natural to give praise where praise is due..."
（该表扬时就表扬是很自然的事。）此句型常用于作文开头引出普遍观点。 - It is... that... 强调句型：
"It is the recognition of a child's attempt... that is essential."
（至关重要的是对孩子尝试的认可...）强调句能极大提升句子的力量感，在四级写作和翻译中是妥妥的加分项。