Section B: Information Matching
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
How to Eat Well
[A] Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food, the stuff that is correctly called junk and should really carry warning labels?
[B] It's not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by. Supermarkets offer more variety than ever, and there are over four times as many farmers' markets in the US as there were 20 years ago. Nor is it for lack of available information. There are plenty of recipes, how-to videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer, smart phone or television. If anything, the information is overwhelming.
[C] And yet we aren't cooking. If you eat three meals a day and behave like most Americans you probably get at least a third of your daily calories outside the home. Nearly two-thirds of us grab fast food once a week, and we get almost 25% of our daily calories from snacks. So we're eating out or taking in, and we don't sit down—or we do, but we hurry.
[D] Shouldn't preparing and consuming food be a source of comfort, pride, health, well-being, relaxation, sociability? Something that connects us to other humans? Why would we want to outsource this basic task, especially when outsourcing it is so harmful?
[E] When I talk about cooking, I'm not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties or three-day science projects. I'm talking about simple, easy, everyday meals. My mission is to encourage green hands and those lacking time or money to feed themselves. That means we need modest, realistic expectations, and we need to teach people to cook food that's good enough to share with family and friends.
[F] Perhaps a return to real cooking needn't be far off. A recent Harris poll revealed that 79% of Americans say they enjoy cooking and 30% “love it”; 14% admit to not enjoying kitchen work and just 7% won't go near the stove at all. But this doesn't necessarily translate to real cooking, and the result of this survey shouldn't surprise anyone: 52% of those 65 or older cook at home five or more times per week; only a third of young people do.
[G] Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where mom cooked virtually every night. The intention to put a home-cooked meal on the table was pretty much universal. Most people couldn't afford to do otherwise.
[H] Although frozen dinners were invented in the '40s, their popularity didn't boom until televisions became popular a decade or so later. Since then, packaged, pre-prepared meals have been what's for dinner. The microwave and fast-food chains were the biggest catalysts, but the big food companies which want to sell anything except the raw ingredients that go into cooking—made the home cook an endangered species.
[I] Still, I find it strange that only a third of young people report preparing meals at home regularly. Isn't this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking? And isn't this the generation who say they're concerned about their health and the well-being of the planet? If these are truly the values of many young people, then their behavior doesn't match their beliefs.
[J] There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods, but the Standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy, mostly plant-based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating. Considering that the government's standards are not nearly ambitious enough, the picture is clear: by not cooking at home, we're not eating the right things, and the consequences are hard to overstate.
[K] To help quantify the costs of a poor diet I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food, the burger. I concluded that the profit from burgers is more than offset by the damage they cause in health problems and environmental harm.
[L] Cooking real food is the best defense—not to mention that any meal you're likely to eat at home contains about 200 fewer calories than one you would eat in a restaurant.
[M] To those Americans for whom money is a concern, my advice is simple: Buy what you can afford, and cook it yourself. The common prescription is to primarily shop the grocery store, since that's where fresh produce, meat and seafood, and dairy are. And to save money and still eat well you don't need local, organic ingredients; all you need is real food. I'm not saying local food isn't better, it is. But there is plenty of decent food in the grocery stores.
[N] The other sections you should get to know are the frozen foods and the canned goods. Frozen produce is still produce; canned tomatoes are still tomatoes. Just make sure you're getting real food without tons of added salt or sugar. Ask yourself, would Grandma consider this food? Does it look like something that might occur in nature? It's pretty much common sense: you want to buy food, not unidentifiable food-like objects.
[O] You don't have to hit the grocery store daily, nor do you need an abundance of skill. Since fewer than half of Americans say they cook at an intermediate level and only 20% describe their cooking skills as advanced, the crisis is one of confidence. And the only remedy for that is practice. There's nothing mysterious about cooking the evening meal. You just have to do a little thinking ahead and redefine what qualifies as dinner. Like any skill, cooking gets easier as you do it more; every time you cook, you advance your level of skills. Someday you won't even need recipes.
[P] Time, I realize, is the biggest obstacle to cooking for most people. You must adjust your priorities to find time to cook. For instance, you can move a TV to the kitchen and watch your favorite shows while you're standing at the sink. No one is asking you to give up activities you like, but if you're watching food shows on TV, try cooking instead.
36. Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them to connect with one another.
37. Abundant information about cooking is available either online or on TV.
38. Young people do less cooking at home than the elderly these days.
39. Cooking skills can be improved with practice.
40. In the mid-20th century, most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.
41. Even those short of time or money should be encouraged to cook for themselves and their family.
42. Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.
43. To eat well and still save money, people should buy fresh food and cook themselves.
44. We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.
45. The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.
Answers & Explanations
36. D。解析：题干中的 benefits people in many ways 和 connect with one another 对应 [D] 段中的 source of comfort, pride... sociability 以及 connects us to other humans。
37. B。解析：题干中的 abundant information... online or TV 对应 [B] 段的 plenty of recipes, how-to videos... computer, smart phone or television。
38. F。解析：题干中的 young people do less cooking... than the elderly 对应 [F] 段的 52% of those 65 or older cook at home... only a third of young people do。
39. O。解析：题干中的 improved with practice 对应 [O] 段的 only remedy... is practice 以及 cooking gets easier as you do it more。
40. G。解析：题干中的 mid-20th century (即 1950s) 对应 [G] 段的 mom cooked virtually every night 和 couldn't afford to do otherwise。
41. E。解析：题干中的 short of time or money 对应 [E] 段的 encourage green hands and those lacking time or money to feed themselves。
42. J。解析：题干中的 eating food not cooked by ourselves... serious consequences 对应 [J] 段的 by not cooking at home... consequences are hard to overstate。
43. M。解析：题干中的 eat well and still save money... buy fresh food 对应 [M] 段的 shop the grocery store... where fresh produce, meat... and dairy are。
44. C。解析：题干中的 fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks 对应 [C] 段的 at least a third... outside the home 和 almost 25% from snacks。
45. H。解析：题干中的 popularity of TV led to... frozen food 对应 [H] 段的 frozen dinners... didn't boom until televisions became popular。
全文翻译
[A] 为什么有那么多美国人大量食用加工食品，那些被正确称为垃圾食品、真应该携带警告标签的东西？[B] 这并不是因为新鲜食材难以获得。超市提供的种类比以往任何时候都多，美国的农贸市场数量是20年前的四倍以上。也不是因为缺乏可用信息。任何有电脑、智能手机或电视的人都可以获得大量食谱、操作视频和烹饪课程。要说的话，信息反而太多了。
[C] 然而我们并没有在做饭。如果你像大多数美国人那样一日三餐，你每天可能至少有三分之一的卡路里是在家外摄取的。我们中近三分之二的人每周吃一次快餐，我们每天近25%的卡路里来自零食。所以我们在外面吃或带回家吃，我们不坐下来——或者说我们坐下来了，但很匆忙。
[D] 准备和享用食物难道不应该是舒适、自豪、健康、幸福、放松和社交的来源吗？一种将我们与他人联系起来的东西？我们为什么要把这项基本任务外包出去，尤其是当外包如此有害的时候？
[E] 当我谈论烹饪时，我不是在说制作精致的晚宴或持续三天的科学实验。我说的是简单、容易、日常的餐食。我的使命是鼓励新手和那些缺乏时间或金钱的人养活自己。这意味着我们需要适度、现实的期望，我们需要教人们烹饪出足够好到能与家人和朋友分享的食物。
[F] 也许回归真正的烹饪并不遥远。哈里斯最近的一项民调显示，79%的美国人说他们喜欢烹饪，30%的人"热爱"它；14%的人承认不喜欢厨房工作，只有7%的人根本不靠近炉灶。但这并不一定转化为真正的烹饪，而这项调查的结果不应该让任何人感到惊讶：65岁及以上的人中有52%每周在家烹饪五次或更多；年轻人中只有三分之一这样做。
[G] 回到20世纪50年代，我们大多数人成长于妈妈几乎每晚都做饭的家庭。把一顿家常饭菜端上餐桌的意愿几乎是普遍的。大多数人负担不起其他选择。
[H] 虽然冷冻晚餐在40年代就被发明了，但它们的流行直到大约十年后电视普及后才蓬勃发展。从那时起，包装好的预制餐就成了晚餐的选择。微波炉和快餐连锁店是最大的催化剂，但大型食品公司——它们想出售除了烹饪用原材料之外的任何东西——使家庭厨师成为濒危物种。
[I] 尽管如此，我觉得奇怪的是，只有三分之一的年轻人报告定期在家准备餐食。这不正是那批反对加工垃圾食品、倡导手工烹饪的人吗？这不正是说自己关心健康和地球福祉的那一代人吗？如果这些确实是许多年轻人的价值观，那么他们的行为与他们的信念并不匹配。
[J] 一些食品公司做出过三心二意但广为宣传的努力，减少其加工食品中的热量，但标准美国饮食仍然与每个专家都说我们应该吃的健康的、主要以植物为基础的饮食截然相反。考虑到政府的标准远不够雄心勃勃，情况很清楚：不在家做饭，我们就没有吃对东西，其后果怎么强调都不过分。
[K] 为了帮助量化不良饮食的代价，我最近尝试用最有名的食物——汉堡——来估算这种影响。我的结论是，汉堡的利润远远被它们在健康问题和环境损害方面造成的破坏所抵消。
[L] 烹饪真正的食物是最好的防御——更不用说你在家吃的任何一餐都比在餐厅吃的一餐少约200卡路里。
[M] 对那些担心钱的美国人，我的建议很简单：买你能负担得起的东西，然后自己烹饪。常见的建议是主要在杂货店购物，因为那里有新鲜农产品、肉类、海鲜和乳制品。而要省钱又吃得好，你不需要本地有机食材；你只需要真正的食物。我不是说本地食物不好，它们确实更好。但杂货店里有很多不错的食物。
[N] 你还应该了解的其他区域是冷冻食品和罐头食品。冷冻农产品仍然是农产品；罐装番茄仍然是番茄。只要确保你买的是没有大量添加盐或糖的真正食物。问问自己，奶奶会认为这是食物吗？它看起来像自然界中可能出现的东西吗？这基本上是常识：你想买的是食物，而不是无法识别的类食物物体。
[O] 你不必每天都去杂货店，也不需要丰富的技能。由于不到一半的美国人说他们的烹饪水平达到中级，只有20%的人将他们的烹饪技能描述为高级，这场危机是信心的危机。而唯一的补救办法就是练习。做晚餐没什么神秘的。你只需要提前想一下，重新定义什么才算晚餐。像任何技能一样，烹饪做得越多就越容易；每次你做饭，你的技能水平都会提升。终有一天你甚至不再需要食谱。
[P] 我意识到，时间是大多数人烹饪的最大障碍。你必须调整你的优先事项来找到时间做饭。例如，你可以把电视搬到厨房，站在水槽边时看自己喜欢的节目。没有人要求你放弃你喜欢的活动，但如果你在电视上看美食节目，不如尝试自己烹饪。