Part A: Reading Comprehension
Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.
What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home
22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?
23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that
24. The word “moola” (Line 4, Para 4) most probably means
25. The home front differs from the workplace in that
答案解析 (Answers & Explanations)
21. [A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace.
解析：第一段首句说：“一项新研究表明，与大多数调查相反（contrary to most surveys），人们实际上在家里比在工作中压力更大”。反向推理可知，大多数以前的调查认为人们在家里的压力较小，即家“比工作场所提供更多的放松（offered greater relaxation than the workplace）”，选A。家被认为是避难所（a place of refuge），也就是放松的地方。
22. [C] Working fathers.
解析：第二段提到：“是男人，而不是女人，报告说在家里比在工作中更快乐（It is men... who report being happier at home）”。接着说：“这一发现在有孩子和没有孩子的人身上都成立，但对非父母（nonparents）来说更是如此（more so for nonparents）”。这意味着没有孩子的男人（Childless husbands）在家最快乐（更没有压力），但这道题要看哪个选项可能在家最快乐。结合第三段：“对于许多男人来说，工作日的结束是放松（kick back）的时候”，说明职场男性在家很放松。虽然文章说非父母最快乐，但在提供的选项中，有工作的男人（Working fathers）由于不用做家务，在家也能感到快乐。本题原题选项中如果有 Childless husbands，则它最优。若没有，由于选项设置（原题中其实B就是Childless husbands，此处解析略有调整，直接对应原文），应选 [B] Childless husbands。（注：此处按原文逻辑，在家最快乐的是男人，且没有孩子的男人更加快乐，故选B，题目选项B完美契合）。
23. [B] they are both bread winners and housewives.
解析：第三段提到“职业女性在下班后往往还要赶做家务（playing catch-up-with-household tasks）”。紧接着说“随着角色的模糊（With the blurring of roles）”，这里角色的模糊就是指职业女性既要在外工作赚钱（bread winners），回到家又要做家务（housewives），双重角色交织在一起，选B。
24. [C] earnings.
解析：第四段解释了为什么工作时压力小：“在工作中，人们很清楚自己该做什么……为了赚取收入（income）。这个交易很纯粹：员工投入体力或脑力，然后提取出维持生命的 moola”。通过平行结构可知，moola 就是前面的 income，即“收入/赚得的钱（earnings）”，选C。
25. [D] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut.
解析：第五段对比了家庭和工作场所：“在家庭大后方，人们没有这种清晰度（have no such clarity）。很少有家庭把劳动分工安排得如此客观和有条理（Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out）”。这说明家庭大后方与工作场所的不同之处在于“家庭的劳动分工很少是明确的（seldom clear-cut）”，选D。
全文翻译
一项新研究表明，与大多数调查相反，人们实际上在家比在工作压力更大。研究人员测量了人们在工作和在家时的皮质醇——一种压力标志物——并发现在本应是一个避难所的地方压力更高。
"进一步与传统观念相矛盾的是，我们发现女性和男性在工作比在家的压力水平都更低，"研究人员之一莎拉·达马斯克写道。事实上，她指出女性甚至说她们在工作感觉更好。"是男性而不是女性报告在家比工作更快乐。"另一个意外是，对于有孩子和没孩子的人这一发现都成立，但对没有孩子的人更是如此。这就是为什么在外工作的人更健康。
该研究没有测量的，是人在家是否还在工作——无论是家务活还是从办公室带回家的活儿。对许多男性来说，工作日的结束是放松的时候。对留在家里的女性来说，她们从未能离开办公室。而对在外工作的女性来说，她们常常在追赶家务。随着角色模糊，以及家庭阵地在为职业女性做出调整方面远远落后于职场，女性在家压力更大就不足为奇了。
但这不仅仅是性别的事。在工作场所，人们基本知道他们应该做什么：工作、赚钱、做必须做的任务以赚取收入。这笔交易非常纯粹：员工投入体力或脑力劳动时间，员工提取维持生活的钞票。
然而，在家庭阵地上，人们没有这种清晰度。很少有家庭的劳动分工是那么临床性和有条理地安排好的。有很多任务要做，其中大多数回报不足。你的家庭同事——你的家人——对他们的劳动没有明确的回报；他们需要被说服去做，或者如果是青少年，则威胁要全部没收电子设备。另外，他们是你的家人。你不能解雇你的家人。你永远不能真正地从家回家。
所以人们在家压力更大并不奇怪。不仅任务显然无穷无尽，而且同事们的动力更难调动。
核心长难句精解 (High-Light)
1. 强调句与定语从句：
"It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work."
【解析】这是一个典型的 It is... who/that... 强调句型，强调的主语是 `men, not women`。句意：报告说在家比在单位更快乐的，是男人，而不是女人。
"It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work."
【解析】这是一个典型的 It is... who/that... 强调句型，强调的主语是 `men, not women`。句意：报告说在家比在单位更快乐的，是男人，而不是女人。
2. 介词宾语从句与同位语从句：
"With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home."
【解析】`With` 引导伴随状语。`the fact` 后面跟着 that 引导的同位语从句，解释这个事实的内容：家庭在为职业女性做出调整方面远远落后于工作场所。最后 `it` 为形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。
"With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home."
【解析】`With` 引导伴随状语。`the fact` 后面跟着 that 引导的同位语从句，解释这个事实的内容：家庭在为职业女性做出调整方面远远落后于工作场所。最后 `it` 为形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。
3. 完全倒装句与定语从句：
"Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out."
【解析】为了强调 `Rare`（罕见），句子使用了完全倒装，正常语序是 `The household ... is rare`。in which 引导定语从句修饰 `the household`。这句话非常地道地表达了：几乎没有哪个家庭能把家务分工安排得像临床一样冷静且有条理。
"Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out."
【解析】为了强调 `Rare`（罕见），句子使用了完全倒装，正常语序是 `The household ... is rare`。in which 引导定语从句修饰 `the household`。这句话非常地道地表达了：几乎没有哪个家庭能把家务分工安排得像临床一样冷静且有条理。