Use of English (2010)

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic [1] by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert [2] an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled, after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising [3] in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “[4]” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, [5] the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the [6] of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global [7] in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths [8] healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to [9] in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade [10] warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was [11] flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the [12] tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has [13] more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials [14] Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began [15] orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is [16] ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those [17] doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not [18] for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other [19]. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people [20] infants and healthy young people.

[A]criticized

[B]appointed

[C]commented

[D]designated

[A]proceeded

[B]activated

[C]followed

[D]prompted

[A]digits

[B]numbers

[C]amounts

[D]sums

[A]moderate

[B]normal

[C]unusual

[D]extreme

[A]with

[B]in

[C]from

[D]by

[A]progress

[B]absence

[C]presence

[D]favor

[A]reality

[B]phenomenon

[C]concept

[D]notice

[A]over

[B]for

[C]among

[D]to

[A]stay up

[B]crop up

[C]fill up

[D]cover up

10.

[A]as

[B]if

[C]unless

[D]until

11.

[A]excessive

[B]enormous

[C]significant

[D]magnificent

12.

[A]categories

[B]examples

[C]patterns

[D]samples

13.

[A]imparted

[B]immersed

[C]injected

[D]infected

14.

[A]released

[B]relayed

[C]relieved

[D]remained

15.

[A]placing

[B]delivering

[C]taking

[D]giving

16.

[A]feasible

[B]available

[C]reliable

[D]applicable

17.

[A]prevalent

[B]principal

[C]innovative

[D]initial

18.

[A]presented

[B]restricted

[C]recommended

[D]introduced

19.

[A]problems

[B]issues

[C]agonies

[D]sufferings

20.

[A]involved in

[B]caring for

[C]concerned with

[D]warding off

答案解析 (Detailed Analysis)

1. [D] designated. 考查动词辨析。WHO作为一个权威组织，对疫情的性质进行“认定/定性（designated）”。其他词如批评、任命、评论均不符语境。
2. [D] prompted. 考查动词语义。病例的急剧上升“促使/激发（prompted）”了紧急会议的召开。
3. [B] numbers. 考查名词用法。rising numbers 意为“不断上升的（病例）人数”。
4. [A] moderate. 考查语义逻辑。后文提到“大多数患者仅表现轻微症状”，说明严重程度是“温和/适中的（moderate）”。
5. [A] with. 考查语法结构。with + n. + v-ing 构成独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语，补充说明疫情温和的表现。
6. [B] absence. 考查固定短语。in the absence of 意为“在缺乏...的情况下”，指患者无需治疗即可自愈。
7. [D] notice. 考查名词短语。come to notice 意为“引起注意/被察觉”。
8. [C] among. 考查介词。among healthy adults 意为“在健康成年人当中”。
9. [B] crop up. 考查短语动词。crop up 意为“突然出现”，常用于形容问题、病例等。
10. [A] as. 考查连词逻辑。随着（as）天气转暖，病例开始减少。
11. [C] significant. 考查形容词。形容流感活动是“显著的/重大的（significant）”。
12. [D] samples. 考查名词语境。指实验室测试的“样本（samples）”。
13. [D] infected. 考查医学动词。infect 意为“感染（...人）”。
14. [A] released. 考查动词用法。从国家库存中“发放/释放（released）”药物。
15. [C] taking. 考查固定搭配。take orders 意为“接受订单/订购”。
16. [B] available. 考查语义。疫苗已经变得“可以获得/可用的（available）”。
17. [D] initial. 考查形容词。指第一批“最初的（initial）”剂量。
18. [C] recommended. 考查专业语境。在医学建议中，常使用“不被推荐给（not recommended for）”。
19. [A] problems. 考查名词辨析。breathing difficulties 和 heart disease 统称为 health problems。
20. [B] caring for. 考查短语辨析。caring for infants 指“照看/护理婴儿的人”。

核心长难句精解 (High-Light)

1. 伴随状语与介词短语：
"But the epidemic is “moderate” in severity... with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms..."
 【解析】with + 名词 + 分词 构成的复合结构作伴随状语，解释了为什么流感被定性为“适度的（moderate）”：因为绝大多数患者症状轻微且能康复。 
2. 非限制性定语从句：
"...most of those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women..."
 【解析】which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“鼻喷雾型疫苗”，指出其禁忌人群。recommended（推荐）是医疗场景中的高频词。 