Use of English (2024)
There’s nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. [1] the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in [2] disabled access to buildings and helping provide general [3] to commercial buildings.
Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years [4] by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt. They [5] as a novelty feature, but as their use has grown, their [6] have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly [7] in busy locations or during times of emergency, the doors [8] crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples’ way.
[9] making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area [10] by them. Automatic doors often open to the side, with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors, these [11] smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to [12] the way for a large, sticking-out door. There are many different types of automatic door, with each [13] specific signals to tell them when to open. [14] these methods differ, the main [15] remain the same.
Each automatic door system [16] the light, sound, weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open. Sensor types are chosen to [17] the different environments they are needed in. [18], a busy street might not [19] a motionsensored door, as it would constantly be opening for passers-by. A pressuresensitive mat would be more [20] to limit the surveyed area.
全文翻译
没有什么比一扇为你打开的门更令人感到欢迎的了。无需触摸即可开关，自动门在为残疾人提供建筑物通道和帮助商业建筑提供一般便利方面至关重要。
自动滑门在由美国人迪·霍顿和卢·休伊特六年前发明后，于1960年开始作为商业产品出现。它们最初是作为一种新奇的功能出现的，但随着其使用的增长，它们在我们技术先进的世界中的优势也在扩大。尤其在繁忙地点或紧急情况下，自动门通过减少人们道路上的障碍，有助于人群管理。
除了让人们更容易进出建筑物外，许多自动门的开门方式差异有助于减少它们所占用的总面积。自动门通常向侧面打开，面板相互滑动。取代平开门后，这些门使得较小的建筑物能够最大限度地利用内部可用空间，而无需为一扇突出的大开门留出通道。有许多不同类型的自动门，每种都对特定的信号作出响应来决定何时打开。尽管这些方法各不相同，但主要原理保持不变。
每个自动门系统都会捕捉到附近的光、声音、重量或运动作为开门的信号。传感器类型的选择根据它们所需的不同环境来匹配。例如，一条繁忙的街道可能不适合动作感应门，因为它会不断地为行人打开。一个压力感应垫可能更适合限制检测区域。
答案与解析 (Answers)
1. [D] Without. 解析：自动门的特点是“不需要（Without）”被触摸就能开关。
2. [C] improving. 解析：自动门对于“改善（improving）”残疾人进入建筑物的通道至关重要。
3. [B] convenience. 解析：并有助于为商业建筑提供普遍的“便利（convenience）”。
4. [A] previously. 解析：自动滑动门在1960年作为商业产品出现，这是在它们被发明六个年头“之前（previously）”。表示在这之前的六年。
5. [B] started out. 解析：它们“起初是（started out）”作为一种新奇的特征。
6. [C] benefits. 解析：但随着使用的增加，它们的“益处（benefits）”在技术发达的世界中得到了扩展。
7. [A] useful. 解析：在繁忙的地点或紧急情况下，这些门特别“有用（useful）”。
8. [D] act as. 解析：通过减少挡在人们路上的障碍物，这些门“充当/起着...作用（act as）”人群管理的角色。
9. [A] As well as. 解析：“除了（As well as）”让人们进出建筑更方便之外，它们打开方式的不同还有助于减少占据的总面积。
10. [D] occupied. 解析：减少被它们“占据（occupied）”的总面积。
11. [A] allow. 解析：这些门取代了平开门，“允许/使得（allow）”较小的建筑最大化内部可用空间。
12. [C] clear. 解析：固定搭配 clear the way（扫清道路/腾出空间），不必为巨大凸出的门腾出空间。
13. [C] relying on. 解析：每种自动门“依赖（relying on）”特定的信号来告诉它们何时打开。
14. [D] Although. 解析：“尽管（Although）”这些方法不同，但主要原理保持相同。
15. [C] principles. 解析：主要的“原理（principles）”保持不变。
16. [B] analyses. 解析：每种自动门系统都会“分析（analyses）”附近的光、声、重量或运动作为打开的信号。
17. [D] complement. 解析：选择传感器类型是为了“补充/相匹配（complement）”它们所需的不同环境。
18. [C] For example. 解析：“例如（For example）”，繁华的街道可能不适合运动感应门。
19. [B] suit. 解析：繁忙的街道可能不“适合（suit）”运动感应门，因为它会不断地为路人打开。
20. [A] appropriate. 解析：压敏垫会更“合适（appropriate）”，以限制探测区域。
核心长难句精解 (Highlighted Sentences)
1. 介词短语作状语与并列动名词复合结构：
"Without the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in improving disabled access to buildings and helping provide general convenience to commercial buildings."
【解析】Without... close 是介词短语作状语，说明自动门的特性。主句中 essential in 后面接了两个由 and 连接的并列动名词短语：improving... 和 helping...，分别阐述了自动门的两大重要作用。
【翻译】由于开关门不需要触摸，自动门在改善残疾人进入建筑物的通道以及帮助为商业建筑提供普遍便利方面，都是必不可少的。
"Without the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in improving disabled access to buildings and helping provide general convenience to commercial buildings."
【解析】Without... close 是介词短语作状语，说明自动门的特性。主句中 essential in 后面接了两个由 and 连接的并列动名词短语：improving... 和 helping...，分别阐述了自动门的两大重要作用。
【翻译】由于开关门不需要触摸，自动门在改善残疾人进入建筑物的通道以及帮助为商业建筑提供普遍便利方面，都是必不可少的。
2. 伴随状语与不定式作目的状语：
"Replacing swing doors, these allow smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to clear the way for a large, sticking-out door."
【解析】Replacing swing doors 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。主干是 these allow smaller buildings to maximise...，without having to... 作方式状语。clear the way for 是固定短语，意为“为...让路/腾出空间”。
【翻译】取代了平开门，这些（自动）门使得较小的建筑能够最大化内部的可用空间，而不必为了巨大且向外凸出的门腾出空间。
"Replacing swing doors, these allow smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to clear the way for a large, sticking-out door."
【解析】Replacing swing doors 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。主干是 these allow smaller buildings to maximise...，without having to... 作方式状语。clear the way for 是固定短语，意为“为...让路/腾出空间”。
【翻译】取代了平开门，这些（自动）门使得较小的建筑能够最大化内部的可用空间，而不必为了巨大且向外凸出的门腾出空间。
3. 介词短语、同位语与过去分词作后置定语的复合：
"As well as making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area occupied by them."
【解析】As well as... 引导介词短语作补充状语，意为“除了...之外（还）”。主语是 the difference，其后的 in the way (that) many of these doors open 是介词短语作后置定语。occupied by them 是过去分词短语，作 area 的后置定语。
【翻译】除了使人们进出建筑物变得更加容易之外，许多这种门在打开方式上的差异，也有助于减少它们所占据的总面积。
"As well as making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area occupied by them."
【解析】As well as... 引导介词短语作补充状语，意为“除了...之外（还）”。主语是 the difference，其后的 in the way (that) many of these doors open 是介词短语作后置定语。occupied by them 是过去分词短语，作 area 的后置定语。
【翻译】除了使人们进出建筑物变得更加容易之外，许多这种门在打开方式上的差异，也有助于减少它们所占据的总面积。