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Part C: Translation (2024)

Part 1: Full Text (Click to Translate)

Elephants never forget or so they say and that piece of folklore seems to have some foundation. 
The African savanna elephant, also known as the African bush elephant, is distributed across 37 African countries. They move between variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, woodlands, wetlands and agricultural land. (46) They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water, and are very good at working out where other elephants are even when they are out of sight. Using tracking devices, researchers have shown that they have "remarkable spatial acuity." When finding their way to waterholes, they headed off in exactly the right direction, on one occasion from distance of roughly thirty miles. What is more, they almost always seem to choose the nearest water hole. (47) The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need, and can therefore take shortcuts, as well as following familiar routes. 
Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood, smell may well play part. 
Elephants are very choosy eaters, but until recently little was known about how they selected their food. (48) One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found, but that would probably result in lot of wasted time and energy, not least because their eyesight is actually not very good. 
(49) The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried long way, and they are very characteristic: Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature. What is more, they can be detected even when they are not actually visible. New research suggests that smell is crucial factor in guiding elephants and probably other herbivores to the best food resources. 
The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants preferred either to eat or avoid when foraging freely. They then set up "food station" experiment, in which they gave the elephants series of choices based only on smell. (50) The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat, and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch. Free-ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food. 
Their well-developed hippocampal structures may enable elephants, like rats and people, to construct cognitive maps. 

Part 2: Sentence Translation (Click to Expand)

(46)They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water, and are very good at working out where other elephants are - even when they are out of sight.
(47)The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need, and can therefore take shortcuts, as well as following familiar routes.
(48)One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found, but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy, not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.
(49)The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way, and they are very characteristic: Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature.
(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat, and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch.

Part 3: Syntax Analysis (难点句型剖析)

(46) 句型拆解:并列谓语与宾语从句
主语为 They,谓语是由 and 连接的 travelare。在 are good at 后面跟了动名词短语 working out,而 working out 的宾语是 where 引导的宾语从句 where other elephants are。破折号后的 even when they are out of sight 是一个让步性质的时间状语从句(即使当它们在视线之外时)。

(47) 句型拆解:宾语从句与并列结构
主干为 The researchers are convinced that...that 引导宾语从句。从句的主语是 the elephants,谓语由 and 连接的 knowcan take 构成。know 后跟了 where 引导的宾语从句;in relation to 表示“与...的相对位置”。在并列谓语中,as well as 连接了 take shortcuts(抄近道)和 following familiar routes(沿着熟悉的路线走)。

(48) 句型拆解:表语从句与原因状语从句
主干为 One possibility was that...that 引导表语从句。表语从句中 they merely used... and tried out... 是并列结构。逗号后的 but 引导转折分句,其中 not least because 引导强调原因的状语从句,意为“尤其是因为 / 很大程度上是因为”。

(49) 句型拆解:并列句与冒号解释
这是由 and 连接的两个独立并列句:The volatile chemicals... can be carried...they are very characteristic。其中 produced by plants 是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 chemicals。冒号后的 Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature 是对前文 characteristic(有特征的)的具体解释说明。

(50) 句型拆解:宾语从句与不定式作定语/目的状语
主干为 The experiment showed that...that 引导宾语从句。从句中 elephants may well use smell to identify... and secondly to assess...,两个不定式 to identifyto assess 并列作目的状语(用来识别...并且用来评估...)。that are good to eat 是定语从句,修饰 patches of trees(可食用的树丛)。

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