Part B: Ordering Utterances (2023)
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-H and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A, E and H have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A]
[固定位 2] Last year marked the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. Jackson snapped the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin, conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural statistician.
[B]
Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many US settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts - and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular - came in the form of vivid photographs.
[C]
As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expeditions stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Morans paintings, to each member of Congress. The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected, says Alicia Murphy, Yellowstones park historian.
[D]
Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the collodion process that involved coating the plates with a chemical mixture, exposing them and developing the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment - several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions had written at length about stunning sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.
[E]
[固定位 4] The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah, on June 8, 1871. Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.
[F]
Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the areas riches, most Americans did not. Thats why Haydens expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.
[G]
The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park. While some locals opposed the designation, the decision was largely accepted - and Jacksons photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. I dont believe that the legal protection would have happened in the time frame that it did without those images, says Heather Hansen.
[H]
[固定位 6] Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence that later made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his teams observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.
Answer Table
答案解析 (Answers & Analysis)
41. [B] 首段引入。全文讨论黄石公园的保护，B段从“两百年前”的历史背景切入，引出“摄影作品（vivid photographs）”在土地保护中的转折点作用。
42. [F] 衔接固定位A。A段末尾列举了考察队中的科学家（zoologist, mineralogist等）。F段开头用 In addition to the entourage of scientists 完美衔接，引出团队中的艺术家成员。
43. [D] 衔接固定位E。E段详细描述了考察旅程的时间和路线，D段紧接着用 Throughout the trip 说明在旅程中拍摄照片的艰难过程。
44. [C] 衔接固定位H。H段提到 Hayden 将考察报告提交给政府官员；C段具体说明他利用这些照片作为视觉武器，分发给国会议员，让他们意识到保护的必要性。
45. [G] 全文收尾。承接C段中照片对国会的触动，G段描述了法案（The bill）的通过以及黄石公园的正式建立，并再次强调照片在其中的关键作用。
全文翻译
[A] 去年是著名风景摄影师威廉·亨利·杰克逊拍摄的一系列黄石照片问世 150 周年。杰克逊在 19 世纪末由美国地质和地理调查领土局局长费迪南德·V·海登率领的一次穿越黄石盆地的探险中，拍摄了有史以来第一批标志性地标的照片，如蒂顿山脉、老忠实泉和科罗拉多落基山脉。该团队包括一名气象学家、一名动物学家、一名矿物学家和一名农业统计学家。
[B] 两个世纪前，保护自然而非开发自然的想法对许多美国定居者来说是新颖的。公众支持土地保护努力的转折点之一——特别是认识到黄石地区的壮丽——以生动的照片形式出现。
[C] 作为一名有效的华盛顿操盘手，海登意识到他可以利用探险队令人惊叹的视觉材料。他让杰克逊打印大幅照片并将其分发给每位国会议员，连同莫兰画作的复制品。黄石公园历史学家艾丽西亚·墨菲说："这些可视化资料，尤其是那些照片，真正让人意识到这是一个必须被保护的地方。"
[D] 在整个旅程中，杰克逊用火棉胶工艺同时使用多台相机和不同尺寸的底片，该工艺包括用药水涂覆底片、曝光并用便携暗房冲洗出最终图像。这种粗糙的技术需要对曝光时间进行有根据的猜测，并且涉及沉重、笨拙的设备——需要几个人协助运输。尽管有这些挑战，杰克逊还是拍摄了几十张引人注目的照片，从他如今著名的老忠实泉快照等壮观图像，到考察队员在营地的随意肖像。虽然以前探险的资深人士曾长篇大论地描述令人叹为观止的景色，但这些生动的照片完全是另一回事。
[F] 尽管美洲原住民（以及后来的矿工和毛皮猎人）早已认识到该地区的丰富资源，但大多数美国人并不知道。这就是为什么海登探险的目标是对黄石河地区产生更全面的了解，从其温泉和瀑布到其多样的植物和动物群。除了随行的科学家团队外，该团队还包括艺术家：画家托马斯·莫兰和摄影师杰克逊被委以捕捉这令人惊叹的自然美景并与世界分享的任务。
[G] 该法案基本上广受欢迎，并以绝大多数赞成票顺利通过国会。紧接着，参议院和众议院于 1872 年初通过了保护黄石的立法。同年 3 月，尤利西斯·S·格兰特总统签署法案，将黄石指定为世界上第一个国家公园。尽管一些当地人反对这一指定，但这一决定大致上被接受——杰克逊的照片在争取保护该地区的斗争中发挥了关键作用。"我不相信没有这些图像，法律保护会在那样的时间框架内实现，"希瑟·汉森说。