Use of English (2019)

Today, we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are all available on our smartphones. [1] of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones [2] on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. [3] you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you [4] can’t find north, a few tricks may help you navigate [5] to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.

When you find yourself [6] a trail, but not in a completely [7] area of land, you have to answer two questions: Which [8] is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. [9], if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should [10] see signs of people.

If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be [11] how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.

Another [12]: Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. [13], even in dense forest, you should be able to [14] gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve [15] the woods. Head toward these [16] to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for [17] light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.

[18], assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the [19] we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can [20] you to civilization.

1.

[A]Some

[B]Most

[C]Few

[D]All

2.

[A]put

[B]take

[C]run

[D]come

3.

[A]Since

[B]If

[C]Though

[D]Until

4.

[A]formally

[B]relatively

[C]gradually

[D]literally

5.

[A]back

[B]next

[C]around

[D]away

6.

[A]onto

[B]off

[C]across

[D]along

7.

[A]unattractive

[B]uncrowded

[C]unchanged

[D]unfamiliar

8.

[A]site

[B]point

[C]way

[D]place

9.

[A]So

[B]Yet

[C]Instead

[D]Besides

10.

[A]immediately

[B]intentionally

[C]unexpectedly

[D]eventually

11.

[A]surprised

[B]annoyed

[C]frightened

[D]confused

12.

[A]problem

[B]option

[C]view

[D]result

13.

[A]Above all

[B]In contrast

[C]On average

[D]For example

14.

[A]bridge

[B]avoid

[C]spot

[D]separate

15.

[A]from

[B]through

[C]beyond

[D]under

16.

[A]posts

[B]links

[C]shades

[D]breaks

17.

[A]artificial

[B]mysterious

[C]hidden

[D]limited

18.

[A]Finally

[B]Consequently

[C]Incidentally

[D]Generally

19.

[A]memories

[B]marks

[C]notes

[D]belongings

20.

[A]restrict

[B]adapt

[C]lead

[D]expose

答案与解析 (Answers)

1. [C] Few. 解析：现代人高度依赖手机，因此“几乎没人（Few）”会不带手机直接走进森林。

2. [C] run. 解析：固定搭配 run on batteries 意为“靠电池运行”。

3. [B] If. 解析：引导条件状语从句，“如果（If）”你在没有手机和指南针的情况下迷路。

4. [D] literally. 解析：强调程度，“真的（literally）”找不到北。

5. [A] back. 解析：navigate back to civilization 意为“导航回到文明世界”。

6. [B] off. 解析：find yourself off a trail 意为“发现自己偏离了小径”。

7. [D] unfamiliar. 解析：承接上文，表示在并非“完全陌生（unfamiliar）”的区域。

8. [C] way. 解析：which way is downhill 意为“哪条路是下坡方向”。

9. [A] So. 解析：逻辑因果关系。因为人类住在山谷和水源处，“所以（So）”往下坡走就能找到人。

10. [D] eventually. 解析：最终（eventually）会看到人的迹象。

11. [A] surprised. 解析：你可能会“惊讶于（surprised）”识别出一块石头就能找回方向。

12. [B] option. 解析：另一种“选择/方案（option）”。

13. [D] For example. 解析：举例说明在高处能看到什么。

14. [C] spot. 解析：能够“发现/看见（spot）”树林线中的缺口。

15. [B] through. 解析：paths people carve through the woods 穿过森林开辟的道路。

16. [D] breaks. 解析：指向树林中的“缺口/中断处（breaks）”，呼应上文的 gaps。

17. [A] artificial. 解析：寻找“人造（artificial）”光源，如火光或路灯。

18. [A] Finally. 解析：总结最后一条建议。

19. [B] marks. 解析：寻找人类留下的“标记/痕迹（marks）”。

20. [C] lead. 解析：这些特征能“引导（lead）”你回到文明世界。

核心长难句精解 (Highlighted Sentences)

1. 条件从句与非限定性定语从句：
"If you get lost without a phone... a few tricks may help you navigate back to civilization, one of which is to follow the land."
【解析】If 引导条件状语从句。one of which 是非限定性定语从句，先行词是 a few tricks，用来补充说明其中一个具体的技巧。
【翻译】如果你在没有手机或指南针的情况下迷路，且真的找不到北，一些小技巧或许能帮你导航回到文明世界，其中之一就是顺着地势走。

2. 宾语从句与动名词：
"You may be surprised how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings."
【解析】how quickly... 引导宾语从句。从句主语是动名词短语 identifying a distinctive rock or tree。bearings 意为“方位/方向感”，是户外生存类文章的高频词。
【翻译】你可能会惊讶地发现，识别出一块独特的岩石或一棵独特的树竟能如此迅速地让你恢复方向感。

3. 分词结构与后置定语：
"You should be able to spot gaps in the tree line due to roads... and other paths people carve through the woods."
【解析】due to 引导原因状语。people carve through the woods 是省略了 that/which 的定语从句，修饰 paths。
【翻译】你应该能够发现森林线中由于道路、铁轨或人们在林中开辟的其他路径而形成的缺口。