2017年 考研英二 - 阅读理解2
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title: 2017年 考研英二 | 阅读 Text 2 sidebar: true
Part A: Reading Comprehension
Text 2
With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely responsive at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.
26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to
27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices
28. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” to show that
29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to
30. According to Tronick, kids’ use of screens may
答案解析 (Answers & Explanations)
26. [B] absorb user attention.
解析：第一段中 Jenny Radesky 说：“科技被设计成真正把你吸进去（suck you in）……数字产品在那里是为了促进最大的参与度（maximal engagement）”。“suck you in”和“maximal engagement”意味着数字产品旨在“吸收/吸引用户的注意力（absorb user attention）”，选B。
27. [D] reduces mother-child communication.
解析：第二段提到，Radesky 发现，在进食测试实验中使用设备的母亲，与孩子进行的“言语交流（verbal interactions）减少了 20%”，“非言语交流（nonverbal interactions）减少了 39%”。也就是说，使用设备“减少了母子间的交流（reduces mother-child communication）”，选D。
28. [D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs.
解析：第三段中，Radesky 引用了“静止脸实验”。在这个实验中，母亲面无表情时，孩子会变得痛苦。引用这个实验是为了论证本段末尾她的结论：“父母不需要每时每刻都非常灵敏地回应，但需要有一个平衡，并且父母需要对孩子的情感需求……做出回应和敏感（need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s... emotional need）”。因此，该实验是为了表明“父母需要回应孩子的情感需求”，选D。
29. [C] ensure constant interaction with their children.
解析：第四段中 Tronick 提到，人们对孩子使用屏幕的担忧源于一种“压迫性的意识形态（oppressive ideology）”。这种意识形态的内容紧跟在 that 之后：“要求父母应该总是与孩子互动（demands that parents should always be interacting with their children）”。“always be interacting”同义替换为选项C的“确保与孩子持续的互动（ensure constant interaction）”。
30. [A] give their parents some free time.
解析：最后一段中 Tronick 认为，仅仅因为孩子没有从屏幕上学到东西，并不意味着屏幕没有价值——“特别是如果它给了父母时间（gives parents time）去洗个澡、做做家务或者仅仅是离开孩子休息一下”。这说明孩子看屏幕的一个价值是“给他们的父母一些自由时间（give their parents some free time）”，选A。
全文翻译
随着对儿童使用屏幕的关注如此之多，父母很容易忘记自己使用屏幕的情况。"科技被设计来真正吸引你，"珍妮·拉德斯基在她的数字游戏研究中说道，"而数字产品旨在促进最大程度的参与。这使得很难脱离，并导致大量渗透到家庭日常生活中。"
拉德斯基通过给母子进行食物测试练习，研究了进餐时间手机和平板电脑的使用。她发现在练习期间使用设备的母亲与孩子进行的口头互动减少了20%，非口头互动减少了39%。在另一次观察中，她看到手机成为家庭中的紧张来源。父母在看电子邮件，而孩子们在兴奋地争取他们的注意力。
婴儿天生就会看父母的脸来试图理解他们的世界，而如果那些脸是空白且没有反应的——就像沉浸在设备中经常出现的那样——这对孩子来说可能会极度不安。拉德斯基引用了发展心理学家埃德·特罗尼克在1970年代设计的"无表情面孔实验"。在这个实验中，母亲被要求以正常方式与孩子互动，然后换上无表情面孔，不给他们任何视觉社交反馈：孩子在试图吸引母亲注意力的过程中变得越来越痛苦。"父母不必每时每刻都做出极其敏感的回应，但需要有一个平衡，父母需要对孩子的言语或非言语的情感需求表达作出反应和敏感，"拉德斯基说。
另一方面，特罗尼克本人担心关于孩子使用屏幕的担忧源于一种"压迫性的意识形态，要求父母应该永远与孩子互动"："它基于一种某种程度上幻想化的、非常白人的、非常上层中产阶级的意识形态，认为如果你没有让你的孩子接触3万个词汇，你就在忽视他们。"特罗尼克认为，仅仅因为孩子没有从屏幕中学到东西，并不意味着它没有价值——特别是如果它给父母时间洗澡、做家务或只是从孩子那里休息一下。他说，父母可以通过使用设备与朋友交谈或完成一些工作来获得很多好处。这可以让他们感觉更快乐，从而在其余时间更能够陪伴孩子。
核心长难句精解 (High-Light)
1. 宾语从句中的同位语及并列结构：
"She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children."
【解析】`that` 引导宾语从句。在从句中，主语是 `mothers`，其后跟着 `who` 引导的定语从句。谓语是 `started`，宾语是 `interactions`。宾语前带有两个并列的比较级修饰语：`20 percent fewer verbal` 和 `39 percent fewer nonverbal`，精确量化了手机对亲子交流的负面影响。
"She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children."
【解析】`that` 引导宾语从句。在从句中，主语是 `mothers`，其后跟着 `who` 引导的定语从句。谓语是 `started`，宾语是 `interactions`。宾语前带有两个并列的比较级修饰语：`20 percent fewer verbal` 和 `39 percent fewer nonverbal`，精确量化了手机对亲子交流的负面影响。
2. 过去分词作定语与复合句：
"Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s."
【解析】`devised by...` 是过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰 `the “still face experiment”`。这句话介绍了心理学史上非常著名的实验，引出了后面对“父母无反应”会如何伤害孩子的论述。
"Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s."
【解析】`devised by...` 是过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰 `the “still face experiment”`。这句话介绍了心理学史上非常著名的实验，引出了后面对“父母无反应”会如何伤害孩子的论述。
3. 复杂的同位语从句与条件状语从句的嵌套：
"It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them."
【解析】`that` 引导同位语从句，解释 `ideology`（意识形态）的具体内容。在 `says` 后面的宾语从句中，又嵌套了一个由 `if` 引导的条件状语从句。这句话辛辣地讽刺了那种认为父母必须每分每秒都给孩子灌输词汇的“中产阶级育儿焦虑”。
"It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them."
【解析】`that` 引导同位语从句，解释 `ideology`（意识形态）的具体内容。在 `says` 后面的宾语从句中，又嵌套了一个由 `if` 引导的条件状语从句。这句话辛辣地讽刺了那种认为父母必须每分每秒都给孩子灌输词汇的“中产阶级育儿焦虑”。