Part C: Translation (2012 英二)

Part 1: Full Text (Click to Translate)

When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. 

These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates. Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. 

A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40 percent of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3 percent of all Indians over the age of 25. 

This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make. 

Part 2: Sentence Translation (Click to Expand)

01When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world.▶

当发展中国家的人们担忧移民问题时，他们通常关心的是，他们中最优秀、最聪明的人才可能会前往硅谷，或前往发达国家的医院和大学。

02These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.▶

英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国试图利用给予大学毕业生特权的移民法规，来吸引的正是这类工作者。

03Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate.▶

许多研究发现，来自发展中国家受过良好教育的人尤其倾向于移民。

04A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25.▶

2004年对印度家庭的一项大型调查发现，近40%的移民受过了高中以上的教育，相比之下，在所有25岁以上的印度人中，这一比例约为3.3%。

05This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor countries.▶

这种“人才流失”长期以来一直困扰着穷国的政策制定者。

06They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.▶

他们担心这会损害本国经济，使他们失去急需的熟练工作者，而这些工作者本可以在他们的大学里任教，在他们的医院里工作，并为他们的工厂构思出巧妙的新产品。

Part 3: Syntax Analysis (重点句型剖析)

01 句型拆解：时间状语从句与介词短语修饰
句首 When people... worry about migration 是时间状语从句。主干为 they are usually concerned at the prospect。在 prospect 之后接了 of 引导的介词短语作后置定语，其中核心名词是 departure（离开/前往），而 their best and brightest 作为名词词组充当 departure 的定语。句末的 to Silicon Valley or to hospitals... 则是表方向的状语。

02 句型拆解：双重定语从句嵌套
主干为 These are the kind of workers。后面跟着 that 引导的定语从句修饰 workers：that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract...。在这个定语从句内部，使用了 by using immigration rules 作方式状语；而 rules 之后又紧跟了一个 that 引导的定语从句 that privilege college graduates，用来修饰 rules。

04 句型拆解：宾语从句与作状语的分词结构
主干为 A big survey... found that...。在 that 引导的宾语从句中，主谓宾结构非常完整：nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education。逗号之后的 compared with... 是过去分词短语作状语（与...相比），用来对比移民群体与印度整体人群中受过同等教育的比例。

06 句型拆解：现在分词作伴随状语与情态动词表虚拟
主句为主谓宾结构 They fear that it hurts their economies。逗号后 depriving them of much-needed skilled workers 是现在分词短语作结果状语/伴随状语，其中 deprive sb of sth 为固定搭配。在 workers 之后是由 who 引导的定语从句，从句中包含三个由 and 连接的并列谓语：could have taught, worked 和 come up with，这里使用了“could have + 过去分词”的结构，表示对过去的虚拟假设（本可以做但实际上没能做的事）。