饼图与表格模板 —— 考研英语二图表作文专项
考研英语二图表作文除折线图外，饼图和表格同样高频出现。饼图的核心在于描述占比和对比不同板块的大小关系；表格的核心在于提取最显著的数据特征（最大值、最小值、变化幅度、对比差异）。本章提供占比描述句式 15 组、饼图范文 2 篇、表格范文 2 篇和对比表达 10 组。
饼图三段式写作框架
| 段落 | 功能 | 篇幅 |
|---|---|---|
| 第一段 | 描述图表：总起 + 最大板块 + 其他板块 | 40-50 词 |
| 第二段 | 分析原因：最大板块为何最大 | 50-60 词 |
| 第三段 | 总结/展望：趋势判断或个人观点 | 30-40 词 |
占比描述句式 15 组
直接描述占比
| # | 句式 |
|---|---|
| 1 | ...accounts for [百分比] of the total. |
| 2 | ...makes up / constitutes [百分比] of... |
| 3 | ...represents [百分比] of the whole. |
| 4 | The proportion of...stands at [百分比]. |
| 5 | [类别] takes up the largest share at [百分比]. |
对比不同板块
| # | 句式 |
|---|---|
| 6 | [类别A] accounts for [百分比], followed by [类别B] at [百分比]. |
| 7 | While [类别A] makes up [百分比], [类别B] represents only [百分比]. |
| 8 | [类别A] is the dominant category, comprising [百分比], whereas [类别B] occupies a mere [百分比]. |
| 9 | The share of [类别A] is [倍数] times as large as that of [类别B]. |
| 10 | [类别A] and [类别B] together account for more than [百分比] of the total. |
描述分布特征
| # | 句式 |
|---|---|
| 11 | The distribution is highly uneven, with...dominating the chart. |
| 12 | The pie chart reveals a relatively balanced distribution among... |
| 13 | What stands out from the chart is the overwhelming dominance of... |
| 14 | The remaining [百分比] is distributed among... |
| 15 | ...constitutes the lion's share, while the rest is split among... |
饼图范文一：大学生消费支出构成
图表描述：某大学学生月均消费支出构成：餐饮 45%、购物 20%、娱乐 15%、交通 10%、学习资料 6%、其他 4%。
参考范文（152 词）
The pie chart illustrates the breakdown of monthly expenditures among students at a certain university. Food and dining account for the largest share at 45%, followed by shopping at 20% and entertainment at 15%. Transportation, study materials and other expenses make up 10%, 6% and 4% respectively.
The dominance of food expenditure is hardly surprising. For one thing, university students, being away from home for the first time, need to cover all their daily meals independently. For another, the proliferation of food delivery apps has made it easier and more tempting for students to spend on diverse dining options. The relatively high share of shopping and entertainment further reflects the lifestyle of today's young generation, who tend to place considerable importance on personal enjoyment and social activities.
In my opinion, while it is natural for students to spend on basic needs and leisure, cultivating financial literacy is also essential. Universities could introduce personal finance courses to help students manage their budgets more wisely.
饼图范文二：全球能源消费结构
图表描述：2024年全球能源消费结构：石油 31%，煤炭 27%，天然气 23%，核能 4%，可再生能源 15%。
参考范文（150 词）
The pie chart presents the global energy consumption structure in 2024. Fossil fuels still dominate the picture, with oil accounting for 31%, coal 27%, and natural gas 23%. Together, these three fossil fuels make up 81% of the total. Nuclear energy contributes a modest 4%, while renewable energy sources, including solar, wind and hydro power, represent 15%.
The continued reliance on fossil fuels can be explained by several factors. First, the existing global energy infrastructure is largely built around fossil fuels, making a rapid transition logistically challenging and economically costly. Second, despite the declining cost of renewable technologies, energy storage remains a bottleneck that limits their reliability.
Nevertheless, the 15% share of renewables is a promising sign. As governments worldwide strengthen their commitments to carbon neutrality and as clean energy technology continues to improve, the share of renewables is expected to steadily expand in the coming decades.
表格范文一：四城市空气质量对比
表格描述：2024 年四个城市空气质量指标对比
| 城市 | PM2.5 (μg/m³) | 优良天数 | 空气质量指数均值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 城市A | 35 | 300 | 68 |
| 城市B | 58 | 220 | 95 |
| 城市C | 28 | 320 | 52 |
| 城市D | 72 | 180 | 118 |
参考范文（155 词）
The table compares air quality indicators of four cities in 2024, including PM2.5 concentration, the number of days with good air quality, and the average Air Quality Index. Several notable patterns emerge from the data.
City C boasts the best air quality, with the lowest PM2.5 level of 28 μg/m³ and the highest number of good-air days at 320. City A follows closely with a PM2.5 concentration of 35 μg/m³. In stark contrast, City D performs the worst across all three indicators: its PM2.5 level of 72 μg/m³ is more than double that of City C, and it enjoys only 180 days of good air quality.
The wide gap between cities may be attributed to differences in industrial structure and environmental policies. City C and City A may have stricter emission controls and a stronger service-oriented economy, whereas City D likely hosts more heavy industries. To bridge this gap, coordinated regional efforts in emission reduction are urgently needed.
表格范文二：某公司各部门员工满意度调查
表格描述：某公司五个部门的员工满意度评分（满分 10 分）
| 部门 | 工作环境 | 薪酬福利 | 晋升机会 | 工作压力 | 综合满意度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 研发部 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 5.5 | 7.0 |
| 市场部 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 4.2 | 6.6 |
| 行政部 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 4.5 | 7.8 | 6.8 |
| 销售部 | 7.0 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 3.5 | 7.2 |
| 财务部 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 5.0 | 6.5 | 6.9 |
参考范文（158 词）
The table displays employee satisfaction ratings across five departments of a company, covering work environment, salary, promotion opportunity, work pressure, and overall satisfaction. All ratings are on a 10-point scale.
A closer look at the data reveals some interesting patterns. The sales department reports the highest overall satisfaction at 7.2, largely because of its top score in salary (8.5) and relatively low work pressure (3.5). The R&D department, despite having the best work environment (8.5), ranks only second in overall satisfaction due to moderate salary (7.2) and high work pressure (5.5). The administration department, by contrast, faces a different challenge — its promotion opportunity score is a dismal 4.5, suggesting limited career advancement prospects.
In conclusion, the survey highlights that overall satisfaction is a multifaceted issue. While salary is undeniably important, factors such as work pressure and career development also play crucial roles. The company would do well to address the specific pain points of each department rather than adopt a one-size-fits-all approach.
对比表达 10 组
| # | 表达 | 类型 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A is [倍数] times as large as B. | 倍数 | The share of oil is roughly twice as large as that of renewables. |
| 2 | A far exceeds B in... | 远超 | City C far exceeds City D in air quality. |
| 3 | A is substantially higher/lower than B. | 显著差异 | The PM2.5 level of City D is substantially higher than that of City C. |
| 4 | The gap between A and B is [wide/narrow]. | 差距 | The gap in promotion satisfaction between sales and administration is wide. |
| 5 | A outperforms B in... | 表现更好 | The sales team outperforms other departments in overall satisfaction. |
| 6 | While A..., B... | 对比 | While City C enjoys clean air, City D struggles with severe pollution. |
| 7 | In contrast, B... | 对照 | City C has 320 good-air days. In contrast, City D has only 180. |
| 8 | A is the second largest, trailing behind B. | 排名 | Shopping is the second largest category, trailing behind food. |
| 9 | The remaining...is split among A, B, and C. | 剩余 | The remaining 14% is split among nuclear and renewables. |
| 10 | A tops the list at..., while B bottoms it at... | 最高最低 | Sales tops the list at 7.2, while marketing bottoms it at 6.6. |