折线图模板 —— 考研英语二图表作文专项
考研英语二大作文（15 分）要求根据图表写一篇 150 词左右的短文，其中折线图是最常见类型之一。折线图写作的核心在于：准确描述趋势（上升/下降/波动/平稳/极值）并用数据支撑，最后分析原因或预测趋势。本章提供核心句式 15 组、变化趋势词汇表、3 套完整范文。
折线图写作三段式
| 段落 | 功能 | 篇幅 | 核心任务 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 第一段 | 描述图表 | 40-50 词 | 描述总体趋势 + 关键数据点 |
| 第二段 | 分析原因 | 50-60 词 | 分析趋势背后的 2-3 个原因 |
| 第三段 | 总结/预测 | 30-40 词 | 总结规律或预测未来走向 |
折线图描述核心句式 15 组
总体趋势描述（5 组）
| # | 句式模板 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | As is shown in the line chart, ... experienced a [steady/dramatic/modest] increase/decrease from [数字A] in [年份A] to [数字B] in [年份B]. | As is shown in the line chart, the number of online shoppers experienced a dramatic increase from 300 million in 2015 to 1.2 billion in 2023. |
| 2 | The line graph illustrates the changes in...over the period between...and... | The line graph illustrates the changes in carbon emissions over the period between 2010 and 2024. |
| 3 | There was a [上升/下降趋势] in..., [上升/下降] from...to... | There was a marked upward trend in smartphone ownership, rising from 45% to 92%. |
| 4 | The chart presents a clear picture of how...changed over the...-year period. | The chart presents a clear picture of how the average income changed over the ten-year period. |
| 5 | What is noteworthy is that...witnessed the most [rapid/significant] growth, [动词-ing] by... | What is noteworthy is that the e-commerce sector witnessed the most rapid growth, surging by 200%. |
数据点描述（5 组）
| # | 句式模板 |
|---|---|
| 6 | Starting at [数字] in [年份], the figure [rose/fell] gradually to [数字] in [年份]. |
| 7 | After reaching a peak of [数字] in [年份], the number began to decline steadily. |
| 8 | The [数字] hit a low of [数字] in [年份], before recovering to [数字]. |
| 9 | The period between [年份] and [年份] saw [数字] remain relatively stable at around [数字]. |
| 10 | [数字] fluctuated between [数字] and [数字] during this period. |
对比与总结（5 组）
| # | 句式模板 |
|---|---|
| 11 | By contrast, [另一条线] showed a different pattern, with... |
| 12 | While [A 线] [上升/下降], [B 线] [上升/下降] at a much [slower/faster] pace. |
| 13 | Overall, the chart indicates a clear [上升/下降] trend in... |
| 14 | It can be predicted that this trend will continue / reverse in the coming years. |
| 15 | The gap between...and...narrowed/widened significantly over the period. |
变化趋势词汇表
上升类（8 词 + 8 副词）
| 动词 | 名词 | 程度 | 副词（搭配） |
|---|---|---|---|
| rise | a rise | 温和 | slightly / modestly / gradually |
| increase | an increase | 显著 | significantly / considerably / markedly |
| grow | growth | 急剧 | sharply / dramatically / steeply |
| climb | a climb | 稳步 | steadily / consistently |
| surge | a surge | 快速 | rapidly / swiftly |
| soar | — | 大幅 | substantially |
| jump | a jump | 突然 | suddenly / abruptly |
| rocket | — | 轻微 | marginally |
下降类（8 词）
| 动词 | 名词 |
|---|---|
| fall | a fall |
| decline | a decline |
| decrease | a decrease |
| drop | a drop |
| plummet | a plummet |
| slump | a slump |
| dip | a dip |
| shrink | shrinkage |
波动类（8 词）
| 表达 | 类型 |
|---|---|
| fluctuate | 动词 |
| fluctuation | 名词 |
| vary | 动词 |
| go up and down | 短语 |
| experience ups and downs | 短语 |
| be volatile | 形容词 |
| be unstable | 形容词 |
| see-saw | 动词（形象） |
平稳类（8 词）
| 表达 | 类型 |
|---|---|
| remain stable | 动词短语 |
| level off | 短语动词 |
| stay constant | 动词短语 |
| plateau | 动词 |
| stabilize | 动词 |
| remain unchanged | 动词短语 |
| hold steady at | 动词短语 |
| show little change | 短语 |
极值类（8 词）
| 表达 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| reach a peak of... | 达到峰值 |
| peak at... | 在……达到顶峰 |
| hit a high of... | 达到……的高点 |
| reach the highest point | 达到最高点 |
| bottom out at... | 触底于…… |
| hit a low of... | 达到……的低点 |
| reach the lowest point | 达到最低点 |
| fall to a record low of... | 降至历史最低点 |
范文一：电商用户增长（折线图 + 上升趋势）
图表描述：2015-2024 年中国网上购物用户数量从 3.8 亿增长至 11.5 亿。
参考范文（153 词）
As is shown in the line chart, the number of online shoppers in China experienced a dramatic increase over the decade from 2015 to 2024. Starting at 380 million in 2015, the figure rose steadily to 650 million in 2018, then surged to 1.15 billion by 2024, representing a threefold growth.
Several factors may account for this remarkable trend. First and foremost, the widespread availability of affordable smartphones and mobile Internet has made online shopping accessible to virtually every Chinese citizen. Furthermore, the rise of e-commerce giants and the development of efficient logistics networks have greatly enhanced the convenience and reliability of online purchases. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift from physical stores to digital platforms, a habit that has persisted even after the pandemic subsided.
In my view, this upward trend is likely to continue, though at a more moderate pace, as the market gradually approaches saturation. The future of retail lies in the seamless integration of online and offline experiences.
范文二：报纸发行量变化（折线图 + 先升后降）
图表描述：2000-2024 年某国报纸日均发行量从 5500 万份升至 2010 年 6200 万份的峰值，随后持续下降至 2024 年的 1800 万份。
参考范文（158 词）
The line chart illustrates the changes in the average daily circulation of newspapers in a certain country between 2000 and 2024. As can be seen, the circulation climbed from 55 million in 2000 to a peak of 62 million in 2010. However, the trend reversed sharply thereafter, plunging to a mere 18 million by 2024.
This decline can be attributed to two key factors. On the one hand, the rise of digital media and online news platforms has provided readers with faster, free access to information, rendering traditional newspapers increasingly obsolete. On the other hand, the shift in advertising revenue from print to digital channels has deprived newspapers of their primary source of income, making their business model unsustainable.
Overall, the chart reveals the accelerating decline of print media in the digital age. Unless newspapers find new revenue models or successfully transition to digital formats, this downward trend is unlikely to be reversed anytime soon.
范文三：城乡收入差距（双线折线图 + 对比）
图表描述：2013-2024 年城镇居民和农村居民人均可支配收入均上升，但城乡收入比从 2.8 降至 2.3。
参考范文（160 词）
The line chart presents a comparison of per capita disposable income between urban and rural residents over the period from 2013 to 2024. Both lines show an upward trajectory: urban income rose from 28,000 yuan to 52,000 yuan, while rural income increased from 10,000 yuan to 22,600 yuan. Notably, the urban-rural income ratio narrowed from 2.8:1 to approximately 2.3:1.
Two factors help explain the narrowing gap. Firstly, the Chinese government has implemented a series of policies aimed at poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, channeling substantial financial resources into rural infrastructure and industry development. Secondly, the rapid expansion of e-commerce and logistics in rural areas has created new employment opportunities and income streams for rural residents.
In conclusion, although the absolute income gap remains considerable, the shrinking ratio is an encouraging sign. Sustained efforts in rural development will be essential to further bridge this divide and promote more balanced economic growth.