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Part C: Translation (2015)

Part 1: Full Text (Click to Translate)

Within the span of hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, tide of emigration one of the great folk wanderings of history swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built nation out of wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 
(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had character that was distinctly American. 
(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. 
To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, "The air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as new-blown garden." The colonists first glimpse of the new land was sight of dense woods. (50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. 

Part 2: Sentence Translation (Click to Expand)

(46)This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces - the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
(48)But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.
(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America.
(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.

Part 3: Syntax Analysis (难点句型剖析)

(46) 句型拆解:过去分词作定语与并列谓语
主语为 This movement,后面紧跟的 driven by powerful and diverse motivations 是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 movement。谓语动词有两个,由 and 连接,分别是 builtshaped。中间插入了介词短语 by its nature 作状语。

(47) 句型拆解:破折号解释说明与定语从句
主干为 The United States is the product of two principal forces。破折号后面的内容对 two principal forces 进行了具体解释,是由 and 连接的两个并列名词短语:the immigration of European peoples...the impact of a new country...。其中第二个名词短语中包含了 which 引导的定语从句 which modified these traits 修饰 country。

(48) 句型拆解:并列长主语
本句的难点在于主语非常长,由三个并列的名词短语构成:1. the force of... (地理条件的力量);2. the interplay of... (民族群体的相互作用);3. the sheer difficulty of... (维持旧方式的困难)。这三个主语共同的谓语动词是 caused,宾语是 significant changes

(49) 句型拆解:多重修饰与时间状语
主干为 The first shiploads of immigrants... crossed the Atlantic...。主语 immigrants 后面接了过去分词短语 bound for the territory 作后置定语,而 territory 后面又跟了 which is now the United States 的定语从句。more than a hundred years after... 是时间状语,表明事情发生的时间。

(50) 句型拆解:介词短语作定语与定语从句
主干为 The virgin forest... was a real treasure-house...。主语 forest 后面的 with its richness and variety of trees 是介词短语作后置定语。表语 treasure-house 后面接了 which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia 的定语从句进行修饰。

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