Section I: Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting [1] workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended [2] giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect,” the extremely influential idea that the very [3] of being experimented upon changes subjects’ behavior.

The idea arose because of the [4] behavior of the women in the plant. According to [5] of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not [6] what was done in the experiment; [7] something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) [8] that they were being experimented upon seemed to be [9] to alter workers’ behavior [10] itself.

After several decades, the same data were [11] to econometric analysis. The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store. [12] the descriptions on record, no systematic [13] was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.

It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to [14] interpretations of what happened. [15] , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output [16] rose compared with the previous Saturday and [17] to rise for the next couple of days. [18] , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers [19] to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before [20] a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.

[A]affected

[B]achieved

[C]extracted

[D]restored

[A]at

[B]up

[C]with

[D]off

[A]truth

[B]sight

[C]act

[D]proof

[A]controversial

[B]perplexing

[C]mischievous

[D]ambiguous

[A]requirements

[B]explanations

[C]accounts

[D]assessments

[A]conclude

[B]matter

[C]indicate

[D]work

[A]as far as

[B]for fear that

[C]in case that

[D]so long as

[A]awareness

[B]expectation

[C]sentiment

[D]illusion

[A]suitable

[B]excessive

[C]enough

[D]abundant

10.

[A]about

[B]for

[C]on

[D]by

11.

[A]compared

[B]shown

[C]subjected

[D]conveyed

12.

[A]Contrary to

[B]Consistent with

[C]Parallel with

[D]Peculiar to

13.

[A]evidence

[B]guidance

[C]implication

[D]source

14.

[A]disputable

[B]enlightening

[C]reliable

[D]misleading

15.

[A]In contrast

[B]For example

[C]In consequence

[D]As usual

16.

[A]duly

[B]accidentally

[C]unpredictably

[D]suddenly

17.

[A]failed

[B]ceased

[C]started

[D]continued

18.

[A]therefore

[B]furthermore

[C]however

[D]meanwhile

19.

[A]attempted

[B]tended

[C]chose

[D]intended

20.

[A]breaking

[B]climbing

[C]surpassing

[D]hitting

Answers & Explanations (答案与深度解析)

试题精解

1. A (affected)。解析：本句意为“希望了解车间照明如何影响工人的生产率”。选项中只有 affected(影响) 符合语境。achieved(达到), extracted(提取), restored(恢复)语义不通。

2. B (up)。解析：固定搭配 end up doing sth. 表示“最终以...告终”。此处指实验最后反而得出了著名的“霍桑效应”。

3. C (act)。解析：the very act of doing sth. 表示“做某事的行为本身”。句意：仅仅是被实验这一行为本身就改变了受试者的表现。

4. B (perplexing)。解析：下文提到“无论光线加强还是变暗产量都上升”，这种违背常理的现象是“令人困惑的”(perplexing)。

5. C (accounts)。解析：accounts 此处意为“记录，描述”。根据实验记录，产量上升了。

6. B (matter)。解析：It did not matter what... 意为“...并不重要”。

7. D (so long as)。解析：连词辨析。只要(so long as)有东西被改变，生产率就会上升。

8. A (awareness)。解析：意识(awareness)。工人们“意识到”自己正在被实验。这是霍桑效应的核心。

9. C (enough)。解析：be enough to do sth. 意为“足以做某事”。

10. D (by)。解析：by itself 固定搭配，意为“本身”。

11. C (subjected)。解析：be subjected to sth. 意为“经受，遭受”。此处指数据被重新进行分析。

12. A (Contrary to)。解析：Contrary to (与...相反)。后文分析发现产量与照明无关，与之前的描述相反。

13. A (evidence)。解析：no systematic evidence (没有系统性的证据)。

14. D (misleading)。解析：misleading (误导性的)。错误的实验方法导致了误导性的解释。

15. B (For example)。解析：后文举例说明实验总是在周日改变灯光，故选“例如”。

16. A (duly)。解析：duly (适时地，按预期地)。周一上班产量如期上升。

17. D (continued)。解析：在随后的几天产量“继续”(continued)上升。

18. C (However)。解析：转折连词。然而(However)，对非实验周的数据对比发现，周一产量总是上升。

19. B (tended)。解析：tended to be (倾向于，往往是)。工人在周初往往比较勤奋。

20. D (hitting)。解析：hit a plateau 固定搭配，意为“达到平台期/进入停滞状态”。

考研核心句型与长难句

【亮点句型解析】

1. 强调句与同位语从句：
"...the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects’ behavior."
 【解析】that 引导同位语从句解释说明 idea；"the very act" 中 very 作形容词，起强调作用，意为“正是那个行为”。 

2. 虚拟与对比结构：
"It did not matter what was done in the experiment; so long as something was changed, productivity rose."
 【解析】使用了分号连接两个独立分句，so long as 引导条件状语从句，结构简洁有力，常用于阐述实验结论。 

3. 伴随与时间状语：
"Workers tended to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before hitting a plateau and then slackening off."
 【解析】before 引导时间状语从句，hitting 和 slackening 是并列的动名词，生动描述了工作状态的变化周期。 