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Part C: Translation (2014)

Part 1: Full Text (Click to Translate)

Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself. 
Beethovens importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes feel in his late works will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was freethinking person, and courageous one, and find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works. 
This courageous attitude in fact becomes requirement for the performers of Beethovens music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48) Beethovens habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him. 
Beethoven was deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression. 
Beethovens music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living. 

Part 2: Sentence Translation (Click to Expand)

(46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.
(47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
(48)Beethovens habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
(49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.
(50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

Part 3: Syntax Analysis (难点句型剖析)

(46) 句型拆解:嵌套定语从句与主语从句
主干为 It is also the reason why...,其中 why 引导定语从句。在 why 引导的从句中,又包含一个时间状语从句 when we try to...。该定语从句的主干是 all we can do is articulate... and not grasp...,其中 all we can do 作主语(其后省略了 that 引导的定语从句),表语是省去 to 的不定式 articulate... and not grasp...。

(47) 句型拆解:并列句与宾语补足语
本句由 and 连接三个并列分句。难点在第三个分句:I find courage an essential quality for the understanding... of his works,其中 find + 宾语 (courage) + 宾补 (an essential quality);let alone the performance 作插入语,意为“更不用说演奏了”。

(48) 句型拆解:超长的主语与被动语态
主干为 Beethovens habit... was only rarely used by...。句子的难点在于主语 habit 后面跟了由 of 引导的超长动名词短语作同位语:increasing the volume... and then abruptly following it with...(增加音量,然后紧随其后用...)。被动语态 translated as 主动更加通顺:“在他之前的作曲家极少使用这种习惯”。

(49) 句型拆解:完全倒装与非限制性定语从句
主干是一个完全倒装句:Especially significant was his view of freedom,正常语序为 His view of freedom was especially significant。其后 which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 view of freedom,冒号后的部分对前面的观点进行进一步的解释说明(他提倡思想自由...)。

(50) 句型拆解:介词短语作状语与使役动词
主干为 One could interpret much of the work... by saying that...。其中 that 引导宾语从句,从句内部是由 but 连接的并列句。后半句 the courage to fight it renders life worth living 中,renders(使成为/致使)是核心谓语,life 是宾语,worth living 作宾语补足语。

Practice makes perfect.